Archives

Martínez-Dávila, Roger Louis. “Spanish Online Resources for Latin American History.” Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies, Volume 41, Issue 1 (2016).

The mid-2010s are a challenging period to investigate digital collections precisely because they exist as patchwork of emerging collections that are incompletely indexed, and thus it is difficult to appreciate their significance. For diligent researchers who employ a robust digital search methodology, there are substantial opportunities to locate and reveal high-dispersed and fragmentary histories. This researcher proposes six essential approaches to researching electronic collections based on personal expertise in physically researching in almost thirty Spanish private, local, church, provincial, and national archives and libraries, as well as countless digital collections.
The essential online digital collections for Spanish and Latin American history in Spain are the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD)’s Portal de Archivos Españoles (PARES), the Biblioteca Nacional de España’s Biblioteca Digital Hispánica, and the Biblioteca de la Real Academia de la Historia’s finding aids. Collectively, these three collections as well as a few additional national, provincial, and municipal archives, offer a meaningful access point to the growing body of digital records pertaining to Spanish and Latin American history. While digitized images of all manuscripts, maps, drawings, and art are not fully accessible through these online portals, their finding aids and catalogues are quite robust and provide sufficient guidance to researchers so that they can either electronically request copies or prepare for an efficient, on-site review of documents. Access to these resources on Spanish and Latin American history have largely been funded directly by the collective efforts of Spanish governmental entities and private foundational efforts sponsored by the Spanish telecommunications and banking sectors.
Equally important to locating these digital collections is the researcher’s use of specialized search techniques for each of these online sources. As one might imagine, simple and advanced search tools offered via PARES will not generate accurate or complete listings of available electronic documents. Rather, it is critical that researchers understand how archives such as the Archivo General de Indias have arranged their collections so that they can modify their search techniques to locate more resources.
Additionally, scholars should be aware of newly emergent digital collections that are brought to light via collaborative initiatives, such as the Revealing Cooperation and Conflict Project (RCCP), which involves international scholars and Spanish institutions. For example, the Ayuntamiento de Plasencia, Diócesis de Plasencia, Centro Sefarad Israel (Madrid), MECD, and ten universities are collaborating to generate transcriptions of cathedral and municipal records from the fifteenth though seventeenth centuries for communities such as Plasencia, Spain. This city as well as the province of the Extremadura is particularly important to Iberian history as key royal bureaucratic and church leaders who shaped American policy hailed from the region. Similarly, large numbers of Spanish American conquistador, explorer, and settler families hailed from this region and created a two-way trans-Atlantic bridge of peoples and documents during the colonial era.

This paper argues for a new understanding of the purposes of an archive in the public
domain. Alongside the dense cultural issues involved, often emanating from the
profound local value of the material being preserved, there is the further problem of
making this material available for research and teaching. It is suggested that a category
distinction be made between the collection - often the by-product of research itself - the
catalogue, and the archive. In arguing for a recognition of the complexity of an archive
in its full sense, the essay locates the problem within the twin processes of providing
researchable data and new pedagogic structures. It argues for a new distinction between
the database, the pedagogic middleware grid, and the 'new classroom' or intelligibility
structure that may well constitute the new location for what used to be called research.

Documenting Rebellions is a study of four archives that were constituted with a common desire to preserve the memory and evidence of lesbian and gay people. They are The Lesbian Herstory Archives (New York), The ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives (Los Angeles), the June L. Mazer Lesbian Archives (West Hollywood), and the ArQuives: Canada’s LGBTQ2+ Archives (Toronto). Using a narrative approach that draws from first-person accounts and archival research, each chapter tells a story about how these organizations came to exist, who has supported them over time, and how they have survived for more than forty years. This book is the result of a five-year project that began in 2012 and builds on the author’s own experience working with lesbian and gay archives. In Documenting Rebellions, Sheffield places lesbian and gay archives in the context of changing political opportunity structures that have afforded a liberal lesbian and gay rights movement some successes while continuing to marginalize intersectional, queer and trans people. The goal of this study is not to critique these organizations, but to show how this cohort of community archives has been affected by the very same combination of socio-political and economic factors that shape the cultural histories that they preserve. Documenting Rebellions consider the material needs of archives – space, money, and expertise – that are sometimes rendered invisible by the idiosyncratically subjective cultural theory model of ‘the archive’ that has emerged from within interdisciplinary studies. By tracing the emergence and development of these organizations, Sheffield uncovers representational politics, institutional pluralism, generational divides, shifting national politics, interpersonal relationships, and challenges with sustainability, both financial and otherwise.

Published as " When is a Haida Sphinx: Thinking about Law with Things " (2017) Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 68:3 391-402.
The ‘law and . . .’ field of legal scholarship verges on consensus about the co-constitution between law and nearly everything else. Co-constitution raises questions about how to differentiate law from other things. The contemporary turn from words towards the material brings fresh perspective on these questions by suggesting that law’s differentiation is fabricated through materiality. This article considers whether and how material techniques that differentiate law might fabricate the difference of a thing not commonly understood by Western law as law. Its focus is an object created in Haida Gwaii in the late nineteenth century and now displayed in the British Museum. It shows that while techniques common to Western law differentiate this thing, competing materialities are also at work. Furthermore, jurisdictional choices are embedded in the fabrication of this thing’s difference. Understanding law as differentiated materially does not escape the social and jurisdictional forces that underpin how the matter of law comes to matter.

This paper explores the principles underlying decisions to inscribe Athenian laws and decrees on stone, finding (against a recent paper by Michael Osborne) that many laws and decrees were not inscribed, including those of ephemeral significance. The basis of the paper is a comparative analysis of the inscribed record of 352/1-322/1 BC and the literary record of decrees proposed by Demosthenes, which extends across the same time period. It finds that three main criteria were relevant to decisions to inscribe: durability of intention; the intention to deliver a message; and religious content. The effect of the establishment of the state archive of papyrus copies of laws and decrees at the end of the fifth century is explored, and the existence of the archive identified tentatively as a factor, alongside others, explaining the very small number of extant inscribed laws from the fourth-century democracy (ca. 12) in comparison with the number of decrees (ca. 550-600).

In the spring of 1968, J. G. Ballard drafted an eight-page outline for a multi-media 'science theatre presentation' called 'Crash!' It was to be performed at the Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA). Although the event was teasingly promoted in a full-page feature in the Sunday Mirror newspaper ('A Star Role for the Beloved Monster that Lives on Sex and Sacrifice'), the performance did not take place. The narrator was to have been Ballard's close friend, the psychologist and computer scientist Chris Evans. According to Ballard's autobiography, Miracles of Life, Evans was the physical model for Vaughan, 'the auto-destructive hero of my novel Crash'. Evans – who worked at the National Physical Laboratory at Teddington, not far from Shepperton, where Ballard lived – died in 1979. Following his death, Evans's papers, which included his copy of the 'Crash!' outline, were packed away, undisturbed until recently. In the summer of 2017, Nancy Evans donated to the British Library her husband’s copy of the outline, the only surviving text. This article reproduces Ballard's typescript in full, discusses its relationship to the novel Crash (1973), and explores the context of the ICA.

Although artificial intelligence is the product of science-fiction literature, it currently represents a significant branch of computer science dealing with intelligent behavior, machine learning, and machine adaptation. It has become a discipline that attempts to answer real-world problems. Artificial intelligence systems are nowadays widely used in economics and medicine, design or military. The role of archives is changing worldwide. In this grandiose transformation, archives need to be at the forefront of their own future, so that they can steer, guide, and not lose out.
The vast masses of information in archives provide an excellent platform for the exploitation of artificial intelligence. The mass of data can be a great help not only for research but also for policy preparation and in some areas of public administration in the not too distant future.

Portugal in the Sea of Oman - Religion and Politics is an editorial achievement, which is unique in the Arab World. In cooperation with the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Oman, the University of Aachen and the Centro de Estudos Históricos (Universidade Nova de Lisboa), more than one thousand documents, ranging from 1504 to 1697, from the Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo (Lisbon), are published in a trilingual edition (original portuguese, translation into English and Arabic). Thus, invaluable primary sources are now available for scientists all over the world and a new scholarly dialogue about this essential period for the Arabian History can ensue.

The paper was presented at the ICA (International Council on Archives) conference in Girona in 2014. it attempts is to place archives and museums in the field of social photography as memory institutions and develop new methods to collect/acqusite from social media.  I continue research and practice in the field - now in the frame of the Nordic funded project: Collecting social photography http://collectingsocialphoto.nordiskamuseet.se/

This paper explores the importance of Kendrick Lamar in the entertainment industry, in hip-hop and in American History. The essence of this paper explores his celebrity black body in relation to history, identity and his contribution to rich black historical archives on the black experience. At large, this paper examines his performance in his DNA music video, to see how his lived body, equipped with its historical DNA, informs our modern perception of the black body.

This paper, written from a feminist perspective, seeks to understand the oppressed black body in popular culture to see how public figures like Kendrick Lamar are reclaiming their history. By creating a rich archive of soulful music and meaningful videos, Kendrick is mainstreaming the black reality in a time where the African-American body is at a political crossroads.

Kendrick Lamar is writing history with his embodied performances and his profound written reflections and ensuring that future generations have a reference point in understanding, participating with and learning from their collective history.

Archives and the documents within them are at the heart of the practice of history and the occupational culture of historians.  A majority of historical work has been characterized and defined by research in archives of varying kinds. Yet the material within archives is both partial and political and using it is never straightforward.  For historians of sport, the material available in archives can be especially limited but, with some careful reading between the lines, there is still much to learn from and interpret within traditional archives.

This articles explores the different kinds of archives and archival material that historians of sport have used and the uses they have been and can be put to.  Archives, however, are not static entities and the paper also discusses the impact and implication of digitization processes and programmes to popularize and legitimize traditional archives. Although sport has been seen as one of way of diversifying the content and audience of archives, the article argues that the practical and interpretative challenges historians of sport face in archives are no different to those faced by other historians.

The book consists of four parts, preceded by a calendar of professional and scholarly life and a bibliography of the works of Professor Czesław Biernat. The articles contained in the first part - 'Scientific and Professional Activities of Czesław Biernat' - are intended as a presentation of his person and achievements in the field of archival science, historical research, organizational activities within the Main Directorate of State Archives, and the functioning of archival specialization at the Institute of History, University of Gdańsk. In the second part - 'History' - and the third part - 'Archival Science and Source Studies' - studies are included that were dedicated to the Professor by younger colleagues and collaborators from numerous academic institutions both in the country and abroad. It is worth emphasizing that their content often remains closely related to research carried out in the field of Gdańsk and Pomerania history and source studies by Professor Biernat himself. The fourth part - 'Archival Science and Works of the State Archive in Gdańsk' - comprises texts primarily written by current employees of the Gdańsk archive. These texts showcase the work conducted by them in recent years as well as the ongoing efforts.

Księga składa się z czterech części, poprzedzonych kalendarium życia zawodowego
i naukowego oraz bibliografią prac Profesora Czesława Biernata. Artykuły zawarte w części pierwszej – „Działalność naukowa i zawodowa Czesława Biernata” pomyślano jako prezentację Jego osoby i dokonań z zakresu archiwistyki, badań historycznych, działalności organizacyjnej w ramach prac Naczelnej Dyrekcji Archiwów Państwowych oraz funkcjonowania specjalizacji archiwistycznej w Instytucie Historii Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego. W części drugiej – „Historia” i trzeciej – „Archiwoznawstwo i źródłoznawstwo” zamieszczono studia ofiarowane Profesorowi przez młodszych kolegów i współpracowników z licznych instytucji naukowych w kraju i za granicą. Warto podkreślić, że ich treść nierzadko pozostaje w ścisłym związku z badaniami prowadzonymi w zakresie historii Gdańska i Pomorza oraz źródłoznawstwa przez samego Profesora. Część czwarta – „Archiwistyka i prace Archiwum Państwowego w Gdańsku” obejmuje teksty napisane w większości przez obecnych pracowników gdańskiego archiwum. Prezentują one prace prowadzone przez nich w ostatnich latach oraz aktualnie.

(Cet exposé n'est qu'une esquisse sans pretention) (This presentation is simply an unpretentious sketch)
Unions Métis et réclamations au Québec; est une analyse de recherche conduite de 2006 à 2009 contenant les résultats de recherche généalogiques d’individus réclamant le statut Indien et / ou Métis, en liens avec le registraire des membres de certaines Premières nations au Québec. La recherché fut effectuée par Eric Pouliot-Thisdale, gradué en sciences sociales et membre de la Faculté des Sciences Humaines de l’Université du Québec à Montréal, lors de recherches
universitaires et d’implications pour une association étudiante.

Eric Pouliot-Thisdale est recherchiste depuis 15 années dans le domaine des archives publiques de diverses sources, incluant les archives historiques et démographiques, qui a mené plusieurs recherches pour certains conseils de bande quant aux revendications territoriales politiques, ainsi que pour des particuliers. Il est actuellement chercheur, auteur et chroniqueur historique pour le journal hebdomadaire de la communauté de Kahnawake, gagnant du lauréat de la meilleure entreprise éducative, membre de Quebec Community Newspapers Association en 2016.

Au Québec, un mythe démographique et sociologique collectif laisse supposer que la majorité des habitants de la province sont de souches métisses; métissés par des alliances interethniques avec les indiens.

Cependant, selon la présente analyse basée sur des recherches approfondies accumulées sur 3 années consécutives par le biais de catégories de divers groupes d'âge, ainsi que plusieurs autres analyses démographique déjà effectuées précédemment par d’autres universités; cette spéculation populaire ne semble pas faire le poids sur la réalité fournie par les dossiers archivés.

En prenant compte de l’aperçu des résultats de cette présente étude, rassemblés à partir de recherches qui ont été menées entre 2006-2009, au Québec, pour les personnes qui étaient en quête d'ancêtres autochtones; le pourcentage de réalisme semblait aléatoire dans la plupart des cas. Pour obtenir un aperçu rapide de ces requêtes rencontrées, seulement 21,33% des candidats provenaient de métissages réels. Mais principalement au Québec une population d'environ 50% à 85% serait spéculée métissée, même si les compilations détaillées n'ont encore jamais été suffisamment présentées.

Également, ces résultats semblent avoir été promus plus particulièrement dans les zones où les origines de ces premiers métissages ont eu lieu la plupart du temps, créant donc un certain manque de régularité.

Historiquement, à partir des données découvertes dans les archives, la plupart des gens d'origines françaises vivant à proximité des territoires autochtones n’avaient fondamentalement pas de relations associées, spécifiquement avec les Premières nations, comme l'ont confirmés diverse études précédentes

Archives of Dermatology is a monthly professional medical journal published by the American Medical Association. Archives of Dermatology publishes original, peer-reviewed reports and discussions that address the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment in medical and surgical ...

Vrednovanje zapisa sastavni je dio stručnih aktivnosti arhiva usmjerenih na odabir za dugotrajno očuvanje zapisa koji imaju trajnu vrijednost za kulturu, povijest, znanost ili druge djelatnosti, te za zaštitu i ostvarivanje prava i interesa osoba i zajednica. Kroz taj i druge stručne postupke, vodeći računa o zahtjevima i interesima sredine u kojoj djeluju, suvremeni arhivi trebaju pridonositi transparentnosti rada javnih službi i demokratizaciji društva. Istaknuti kanadski arhivist Terry Cook povijest arhivističkoga vrednovanja podijelio je u četiri razvojne faze, od kojih posljednja podrazumijeva dijeljenje funkcije vrednovanja između arhivista stručnjaka i različitih zajednica građana, tj. zainteresirane javnosti. Sredinom 2018. godine u Hrvatskoj je usvojen novi Zakon o arhivskom gradivu i arhivima, kojim je među ostalim učinjen i svojevrsni normativni iskorak prema četvrtoj fazi Cookove periodizacije povijesti vrednovanja. U tom kontekstu članak donosi analizu potencijala, ali i rezerviranosti arhivske zajednice prema uključivanju šire javnosti u postupak vrednovanja zapisa. Radi boljega razumijevanja teme, daje se i kratki osvrt na pristup vrednovanju u hrvatskoj arhivskoj praksi u prethodnome razdoblju.

Communication dans le cadre de la journée d'études : « Les formes audiovisuelles connectées : pratiques de création et expérience spectatorielle », organisée à l’Université de Toulouse 2 Jean-Jaurès par les laboratoires RIRRA21 et LERASS du 5 au 7 avril 2016.

Résumé : A partir de trois exemples concrets de cinéastes contemporains (Peter Snowdon, Silvia Maglioni et Graeme Thomson et Danielle Vallet Kleiner), examen de l’idée selon laquelle les médias Internet ont produit une situation nouvelle où les images existent avant même que les artistes aient besoin de les produire eux-mêmes, déplaçant le lieu de l’écriture filmique dans le régime de la post-production. La pratique des images devient dès lors une manière, non plus de réaliser des images possibles, mais de révéler des potentialités multiples (du point de vue plastique mais aussi du sens) dans des images déjà réalisées.

Background The recessive ataxias are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by cerebellar ataxia associated with a number of different neurologic, ophthalmologic, or general signs. They are often difficult to classify in clinical ...

This article introduces a research project on the relationship between literature and the mechanisms of foreign cultural policy in the context of Polish-German relations.Based on an analysis of records from the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Bonn from 1960 to 1970, Zajas asks how the political milieu at the time defined the function of
culture. He juxtaposes the activities of government institutions with the perspective of agents in the literary field. For this group, data was obtained from the archive of the German publisher Siegfried Unseld, housed at the Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach, which was made available to researchers in 2009. This archive contains records from
publishers such as Suhrkamp Verlag and Insel Verlag. The metatheoretical framework chosen to position the problem of foreign cultural policy within the realm of literary studies is the polycontextual framework proposed by Gerhard Plumpe and Niels Werber.

Felix Koltermann: Warum ist es wichtig, heutzutage koloniale Foto-grafie auszustellen? Tamar Garb: Das koloniale Archiv ist ein sehr wichtiger Fundus, da es die materalisierte Spur einer Geschichte ist, die weiterhin erzählt und erklärt werden muß. Die Fotografie stellt uns einen physischen Nachlass über eine bestimmte Geschichte des Reisens und den damit verbundenen Machtverhältnissen zur Verfügung. Sie wurde in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts zu einer Zeit erfunden, als auch der Kolonialismus sich immer weiter ausdehnte. Wie die Eisenbahn ist die Fotografie eine Technologie, die sich das koloni-ale Projekt zu Nutze machte und auf vielfältige Art und Weise einsetzte. Heute versorgt sie uns mit einer Fülle an Objekten und Darstellungen, die nur darauf warten, dekonstruiert, interpretiert, nachgestellt oder verballhornt zu werden. Die Gefahr ist jedoch, den Blickwinkel der damaligen Zeit zu reproduzieren. Dem sind wir jedes Mal ausgesetzt, wenn wir die Bilder zeigen. Die Notwen-digkeit besteht also darin, diese reichhaltigen historischen Quellen zu verwenden, ohne die sie durchdringenden Denkmuster zu re-produzieren. Gleichzeitig müssen wir unser Verständnis des kolonialen Archivs verkomplizieren. Lange Zeit wurde das koloniale Archiv durch einen recht eindimensionalen, simplifizierenden Filter betrachtet, der den Fokus auf den unterdrückerischen Blick der europäischen Kolonisa-toren und die damit einhergehende Viktimisierung des subalternen Subjekts legte. Aber je genauer wir die Fotografie des 19. Jahrhun-derts und speziell die Fotografie im Kontext des Kolonialismus be-trachten, umso komplexer werden diese Darstellungen. Sie passen nicht immer notwendigerweise in das einheitliche Weltbild des Empowerment-Blicks. Manchmal stößt man auf Repräsentationen, die über koloniale Machtverhältnisse hinausgehen, insbesondere wenn wir uns Porträtaufnahmen zuwenden. Selbstverständlich gibt es da auch die zu erwartenden, objektivierenden und anthropome-trischen Bilder. Aber man findet auch Bilder, die eine andere Sprache sprechen: Die der menschlichen Intimität und Zwischenmensch-lichkeit, die über diese Machtverhältnisse hinausgehen. Ich bin sehr daran interessiert, den Blick auf das koloniale Archiv zu erweitern, um nach seinem Potential zu suchen, die Verhältnisse in denen es entstanden ist, zu unterwandern und umzustoßen. Was bedeutet diese Erweiterung der Perspektive in Bezug auf die Hand-lungsmacht der Porträtierten? Sind sie mehr als nur Objekte einer kolonialen Darstellung? t Wir leben in einer Zeit, in der viele AnthropologInnen und Fo-tohistorikerInnen verstanden haben, wie verkürzt diese Perspekti-ve ist. Man realisiert, dass diese Perspektive auch dazu beitragen kann, diejenigen erneut zum Objekt zu machen, die eigentlich verteidigt werden sollen. Im Namen der Moral wurden die Port-rätierten weiter entrechtet, weil man davon ausging, dass sie keine Handlungsautonomie besaßen. Dahinter stand die Annahme, dass all die hunderttausenden Menschen, die für die Kamera po-sieren, absolut keine Wahl gehabt hätten: Es gab für sie nichts zu holen, von daher gab es auch keine Kooperation. Diese Perspekti-ve trägt dazu bei, sie weiterhin zu bevormunden und zum Objekt zu machen. Aber die Fotografie ist ein globales Medium und gehört allen, die an ihr teilhaben. Einige argumentieren, dass die Teilhabe am fotografischen Akt bis zu einem gewissen Grad immer eine Art von Vertrag zwischen Fotograf und Fotografiertem beinhaltet. Selbst in den Fällen, in denen AfrikanerInnen Subjekte der Fotografie sind und nicht hinter der Kamera stehen, wird dies zu schnell als ein Beleg für ihre fehlende Handlungsmacht genommen. Mir ist wich-tig daran zu erinnern, dass AfrikanerInnen ein Fotostudio auf die

To determine the efficacy of dapsone as a glucocorticoid-sparing agent in maintenance-phase pemphigus vulgaris (PV). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a crossover arm for those who failed treatment. A US multicenter outpatient study. Patients A total of 19 subjects enrolled among 5 centers, 9 randomized to receive dapsone and 10 to receive placebo. Inclusion criteria were biopsy and direct immunofluorescence-proven PV controlled with glucocorticoids and/or cytotoxic agents, disease in maintenance phase, and aged 18 to 80 years. Physicians had tried at least 2 tapers of glucocorticoids unsuccessfully and had 30 days of stable steroid dosage. Treatment for any patient unable to taper glucocorticoids by more than 25% within 4 months was declared a failure, and the patient was allowed to switch to the opposite medication while maintaining the double-blind. Main Outcome Measure The ability of patients to taper to 7.5 mg/d or less within 1 year of reaching the maximum dosage of the study drug. Of the 9 patients receiving dapsone, 5 were successfully treated, 3 failed treatment, and 1 dropped out of the study. Of the 10 patients receiving placebo, 3 were successfully treated, and 7 failed treatment. This primary end point favored the dapsone-treated group but was not statistically significant (P = .37). Four patients who failed treatment while receiving placebo were switched to treatment with dapsone. Of these, 3 were successfully treated after switching to dapsone treatment, and 1 failed treatment. We found that, overall, 8 of 11 patients (73%) receiving dapsone vs 3 of 10 (30%) receiving placebo reached the primary outcome of a prednisone dosage of 7.5 mg/d or less. This trial demonstrates a trend to efficacy of dapsone as a steroid-sparing drug in maintenance-phase PV.

Each organization, public or business generates archives as a result of its activities. Implementation of good Electronic Filing System (E-Filing) within an organization needed to support the effectiveness and efficiency of administrative services, because the archives received by organizations today is not only the printed-records but instead more electronic records, either via e-mail , using media CDs, DVDs, microfilm and other electronic media. This research is a qualitative descriptive study, with data collection technique of interview, observation and documentation, and domain analysis techniques. The results show that the implementation of E-Filing in PT Elite Advertising Bandung very supportive administrative services, for easy storage, facilitate the search, save the organization, expand distribution (share), saves labor (HR), facilitate recovery and backing up, and facilitate decision-making by the leadership, so it proved to be very helpful in improving administrative serv...

OBJECTIVE: To report, to our knowledge, the first case of detection of human metapneumovirus in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient during acute encephalitis. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: University hospital. Patient A 10-year-old girl with acute encephalitis. RESULTS: Human metapneumovirus was detected in cerebrospinal fluid and nasal-wash specimens during the initial phase of mild encephalitis. Abrupt clinical deterioration was associated with the presence of multiple areas of demyelination and cortical abnormalities. Demyelinated areas improved after immunomodulatory therapy, but cortical lesions spread in both hemispheres. Surprisingly, clinical worsening occurred when the virus became undetectable in cerebrospinal fluid. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of human metapneumovirus in cerebrospinal fluid strongly suggests its causative role in acute encephalitis. The evolution of the clinical and radiological features provided insight into the pathogenesis of human metapneumovirus ence...

Purpose: Carrying out a feasibility study for setting up an archive in the Office of Air Accidents of the Iranian Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
Method and Research Design: For data gathering, observations and interviews were carried out. For developing a checklist and a questionnaire we consulted ISO/IEC and 10443 INSO standards as well as library materials. Skills required by staff of the archive, extracted from the standards and interviews, formed the content of the checklist. 23 main categories and 191 sub-categories in 24 separate tables addressed the issues of human resources, the equipment, and the building needed for the archive. 35 (out of 45) experts of the ICAO did the ranking of the items in the checklist. The checklist and the questionnaire data were analyzed using SPSS 19th version.
Findings and Conclusion: ICAO is not in a good condition regarding human resources, facilities and a building to establish an archives for its documents. Findings show that even if problems with skills and equipment are solved, the problem with the building will remain. Therefore, a new building, properly designed for the archive, is needed.