Borders and Frontiers

In this chapter we consider the afterlife of the remains of unidentified migrants who have died while attempting to cross the Mediterranean from Albania and North Africa to Italy. Drawing on insights from long-term, multi-sited field research, we outline paths taken by human remains and consider their multiple agencies and distributed personhood through the relational modalities with which they are symbolically and materially engaged at different scales of significance. The rising number of migrant deaths related to international crossings worldwide, especially in the Mediterranean, has stimulated a large body of scholarship, which generally

The city of Rijeka/Fiume underwent an array of transitions in the long twentieth
century, from the port of Hungary in the Dual Monarchy to a free
city, to D´Annunzio´s Italian Regency of Carnaro, annexation by Italy, incorporation
into Yugoslavia, and eventually the independence of Croatia. The
article examines the processes of urban reconstruction and architectural reconfigurations
in the city as “frontier urbanism”, building on Wendy Pullan’s
(2011) discussion of how various actors employ architectural and place-making
practices to secure the state in contested urban space. The article traces
Rijeka/Fiume´s urban development as a window of fixating state identities
in the built environment throughout the century, focusing on the aftermath
of the Second World War. It examines the urban transformations of the city
as the demographic landscape was reshaped after the departure of the local
Italian-speaking majority and the arrival of workers from various parts of
Yugoslavia, but also from Italy. By analysing decisions to rebuild or not
buildings damaged by war, as well as the demolition of the 1943-built votive
temple in Mlaka, the article inquires how reconstruction and urban planning
became avenues to secure the state at its new frontiers.

Las fronteras, espacios críticos de la soberanía de los Estados, son construcciones humanas, cuya delimitación precisa fue consecuencia de la irrupción del nacionalismo y el liberalismo, a lo largo del siglo XIX. En este estudio se comparan las estrategias de soberanía territorial sobre la frontera hispano-portuguesa de los Estados absolutistas del siglo XVIII y los liberales del siglo XIX.

Palabras clave: Frontera hispano-portuguesa; la Raya; Nación; soberanía territorial; Tratado de Límites 1864-66.

This insightful book analyzes the evolution of the operational tasks and cooperation of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (FRONTEX), the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) and the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (EUROPOL). Exploring the recent expansion of the legal mandates of these decentralized EU agencies and the activities they undertake in practice, David Fernández-Rojo offers a critical assessment of the EU migration agencies.

The book identifies two key trends in the administration of the European Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. Fernández-Rojo discusses how on one hand the new legal frameworks of FRONTEX, EASO and EUROPOL stress that their operational roles are limited to providing national authorities with technical assistance, while on the other hand these agencies are increasingly involved in guaranteeing the enforcement of EU migration, asylum and border management measures. The book expertly illustrates how FRONTEX, EASO and EUROPOL establish an effective and uniform national implementation of laws and policies, with a focus on their multilateral cooperation in the hotspots established in the aftermath of the refugee crisis.

Examining the de jure and de facto operational powers and cooperation of EU migration agencies, this book will be critical reading for academics and students of law, international relations and political science. Its assessment of the effectiveness of policy implementation will also be beneficial for legal practitioners, policy makers and NGOs.

La rappresentazione cartografica ha negli ultimi anni attratto attenzioni crescenti e diversificate che vanno inquadrate nel rinnovato interesse che le scienze sociali hanno rivolto alla spazialità e alla visualità. I geografi sono stati, ovviamente, tra i protagonisti di questa profonda operazione di revisione epistemologica. Nel ripensarne i fondamenti sono stati guidati, in particolare, dalla felice collocazione della carta all’incrocio strategico tra il piano della realtà geografica e quello dell’immaginario spaziale. L’articolo si interroga sul ruolo della carta geografica nel rapporto tra questi due piani, sulle forme di potere che essa subisce e su quelle che esercita. Lo fa a partire da una vicenda storica tratta dall’Italia fascista che non era mai emersa in precedenza: la rappresentazione dei confini dell’Etiopia, progressivamente eliminati dai prodotti cartografici ben prima della conquista italiana. Le categorie analitiche da cui muove la riflessione sono tratte dal pens...

As India successfully positions itself as one of the core, influential nations of the world, its security scenario has become more vulnerable and complex. The roots of India's security challenges lie not only at the regional and international levels but also from within. These threats can be dealt with by securing the borders efficiently. However, the borders of India and their associated problems, geographical, social and cultural, are vivid and varied. Each border receives a different kind of treatment in accordance with the existing mutual relationship across the border. If the border people cannot connect with the country's mainstream, national security is affected. Indian policymakers face a hard challenge to formulate an integrated policy for borderlands and borders. While there are many common cross-border issues, chiefly non-security threats, there are other cross-border issues which are border specific. Besides, soft approaches to economic and cultural cross-border interactions are beneficial. The border security approach focuses on defending the borders from various threats but the border management approach involves protecting the interests of the country across the border.

This book aims to address ‘boat migration’ with a holistic approach. The different chapters consider the multiple facets of the phenomenon and the complex challenges they pose, bringing together knowledge from several disciplines and regions of the world within a single collection. Together, they provide an integrated picture of transnational movements of people by sea with a view to making a decisive contribution to our understanding of current trends and future perspectives and their treatment from legal-doctrinal, legal-theoretical, and non-legal angles. The final goal is to unpack the tension that exists between security concerns and individual rights in this context and identify tools and strategies to adequately manage its various components, garnering an inter-regional / multi-disciplinary dialogue, including input from international law, law of the sea, maritime security, migration and refugee studies, and human rights, to address the position of ‘migrants at sea’ thoroughly.

For the last two decades, my sexual-emotional relationships have happened within what has come to be known as non-monogamy, a field in which I am an activist, theorist, consultant and who knows what else. And despite all that, and despite dedicating body, mind, emotional networks and a great deal of my energy to the matter, I still come up against repeated difficulties in trying to sustain relationships that are plural and healthy for everybody involved. And it’s not just me. The same thing happens to other people in the social circles I’m involved in: anguish, guilt, jealousy, lack of comprehension by those around us… all the psychological horrors get going.
It’s not me and it’s not us: it’s the system.

This is the Performing Borders Study Room Guide curated by Alessandra Cianetti and published by the Live Art Development Agency (LADA). It explores physical and conceptual orders through live art. Artists working in this aspect talk about their practice.

The PDF is available on the LADA site http://www.thisisliveart.co.uk/resources/catalogue/performing-borders-a-study-room-guide-on-physical-and-conceptual-borders-wi

My section is on pages 92-108. It contains links to relevant resources too.

Ceuta y Melilla, las ciudades fronterizas de la Unión Europea en África, pueden ser definidas como territorios de excepción. Fundamentalmente por dos motivos. El primero: el estatus jurídico-político diferenciado que la arquitectura institucional española y comunitaria les reserva. Y el segundo: las particularidades de la política de control migratorio/fronterizo allí implementada. Ceuta y Melilla no están constituidas en Comunidades Autónomas. No forman parte del espacio aduanero de la Unión Europea, el Tratado de Schengen se despliega sobre ellas con notables singularidades y, formalmente, se hallan fuera del paraguas de protección de la OTAN.
Enmarañado con las reivindicaciones territoriales de Marruecos, este estatus jurídico-político especial convierte a Ceuta y a Melilla en claras «excepciones de Estado». En este caldo de cultivo, en torno a las vallas que separan a ambas ciudades del resto de África opera un régimen de movilidad acrobático. Con harta frecuencia el régimen fronterizo de Ceuta y Melilla se muestra incompatible con el respeto a los derechos humanos y a la integridad física de los migrantes, conformando un «estado de excepción» de facto en materia de control migratorio.

Europe is currently experiencing a "refugee crisis", demonstrated by millions of displaced people unseen since World War II. This book examines the interface between the EU's response to irregular flows, in particular the main extraterritorial border and migration controls taken by the Member States, and the rights asylum seekers acquire from EU law.

"Remote control" techniques, such as the imposition of visas, fines on carriers transporting unsatisfactorily documented third-country nationals, and interception at sea are investigated in detail in a bid to assess the impact these measures have on access to asylum in the EU. The book also thoroughly analyses the rights recognised by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights to persons in need of international protection, inclusive of the principle of non-refoulement, the right to leave any country including one's own, the right to asylum, and the right to remedies and effective judicial protection.

The fundamental focus of the book is the relationship between the aforementioned border and migration controls and the rights of asylum seekers and, most importantly, how these rights (should) limit the scope of such measures and the ways in which they are implemented. The ultimate goal is to conclude whether the current series of extraterritorial mechanisms of pre-entry vetting is compatible in EU law with the EU rights of forced migrants.

This short essay explores the meaning of crossing borders in contemporary times. Borders are proliferating at a rapid rate, and paradoxically they are also being eroded at a rapid rate. This essay claims that this 'making and unmaking of borders' has a profound social impact, and is a central concern in our personal lives and in wider societal and political realms. The making and unmaking of borders produces fear, anxiety, security, liberation and emancipation depending on where you are in relation to the border. Dr Western explores borders utilising a psycho-social lens, revealing how we constantly have to cross and navigate borders, in the 'real world', digital and virtual world, and in our emotional worlds.

There are more types of borders today than ever before in history. Borders of all kinds define every aspect of social life in the twenty-first century. From the biometric data that divides the smallest aspects of our bodies to the aerial drones that patrol the immense expanse of our domestic and international airspace, we are defined by borders. They can no longer simply be understood as the geographical divisions between nation-states. Today, their form and function has become too complex, too hybrid. What we need now is a theory of the border that can make sense of this hybridity across multiple domains of social life.

Rather than viewing borders as the result or outcome of pre-established social entities like states, Thomas Nail reinterprets social history from the perspective of the continual and constitutive movement of the borders that organize and divide society in the first place. Societies and states are the products of bordering, Nail argues, not the other way around. Applying his original movement-oriented theoretical framework "kinopolitics" to several major historical border regimes (fences, walls, cells, and checkpoints), Theory of the Border pioneers a new methodology of "critical limology," that provides fresh tools for the analysis of contemporary border politics.

According to William Zartman “Borders run across land but through people. On maps they appear
as fine one-dimensional lines, whereas on the ground they have many dimensions. Borders are
boundaries in depth, space around a line, place where state meets society” (Zartman 2010:16). It is
impossible to understand borders, without peripheral relations between the states and societies they
contain. Itself borders are zones in which people create special relationship with other people.
In this thesis, I plan to write about the case of a small minority group located on the periphery in
Georgia in order to understand how minorities find a place in an ethnically diverse and rapidly
changing society. Their responses to changing central policies and border conditions provide an
ideal opportunity to see how elements of the population not only respond to, but also actively
constitute, the conditions of a border regime and sovereignty.
Georgia is a state with a highly diverse population, and boundary conditions are everywhere in the
society. In addition, the country has complex borders with neighboring countries such as Russia,
where population groups are distributed across boundaries and have a long history of coping with
border conditions. Borderlands are “zones of varying widths, in which people have recognizable
configurations of relationships to people inside the zone, on both sides of the borderline but within
the cultural landscape of the borderlands, and, as people of the border, special relationships with
other people and institutions in their respective nation and state‟‟ (Donnan and Wilson 1994:8).
The post-independence period has been one of rapid change, which makes it possible to observe
the ways that sovereignty is formed in local contexts, and the role of elements of the population in
relations between the state and the population.
In case of the form of comparative analysis of the state border political changes, in this thesis I will
show socio-cultural and economic changes of ethnic minority in Georgia. I will show how borders
affect the groups living near them.

P.S.
First published
https://bora.uib.no/bitstream/handle/1956/8505/122858637.pdf?sequence=1

Borderlands 2016 Table of Contents and Introduction

The images of migrants and refugees arriving in precarious boats on the shores of southern Europe, and of the makeshift camps that have sprung up in Lesbos, Lampedusa, Calais and elsewhere, have become familiar sights on television screens around the world.  But what do we know about the border places – these liminal zones between countries and continents – that have become the focus of so much attention and anxiety today?  What do we know about the individuals who fill these places, their hopes and fears, and about the kinds of social relationships that form between the groups of people who confront one another there – the migrants and refugees, the local residents, the police and other officials of the state? 

In this timely book, anthropologist Michel Agier addresses these questions and examines the character of the borderlands that emerge on the margins of nation-states. Drawing on his ethnographic fieldwork, he shows that borders, far from disappearing, have acquired a new kind of centrality in our societies, becoming reference points for the growing numbers of people who do not find a place in the countries they wish to reach. They have become the site for a new kind of  subject, the border inhabitant (or) the border dweller, who is  both ‘inside’ and ‘outside’, enclosed on the one hand and excluded on the other, and who is  obliged to learn, under harsh conditions, the ways of the world and of other people.  In this respect, the lives of migrants, even in the uncertainties or dangers of the borderlands, tell us something about the condition in which everyone is increasingly living today, a ‘cosmopolitan condition’ in which the experience of the unfamiliar is  more common and the relation between self and other is in constant renewal. .

This book will be of great interest to students and scholars in anthropology, sociology and politics, as well as anyone concerned with the pressing issues raised by migration today.

Osmanlı Devleti ile Venedik Cumhuriyeti arasında, küçük birtakım mücadeleleri kenara bırakırsak en temelde yedi ayrı savaş meydana gelmiştir. Savaşların son üçü ise incelediğimiz tarih aralığında yaşanmıştır... bu savaşların çoğu Osmanlılar tarafından Venediklileri Balkanlardan tamamen atmak için bilinçli bir politikanın ürünü olarak çıkarılmışlardır. Çünkü Osmanlı yöneticileri için karada Venediklilerle yapılacak olan savaş denizde yapılanların aksine çok daha kolay neticelenecek ve istenilen hedefe çok hızlı bir şekilde ulaşmak mümkün olacaktır. Hatta bir kronikte ifade edildiği şekliyle; “Venedik keferesi dahi deryâ cengi hilekârlığında akrânı nadir pehlevândır. Lâkin karada musâff cenglerine zehresi olmayup, kal’alarından taşra çıkması güya balık sudan çıkduğı misillidür".  Ancak, burada ifade edildiği şekliyle kara özelinde cereyan eden
savaşlarda -ki bunlar meydan savaşları değil kuşatma savaşlarıdır- Venedikliler, Osmanlıların ifade ettiği gibi pek de sudan çıkmış balık olmamışlar; aksine Osmanlı ordusunu birçok noktada mağlup etmişler veya başarılı savunmalar gerçekleştirmişlerdir.

Całą książkę można zakupić na stronie wydawnictwa: https://wydawnictwo.umk.pl/pl/products/5530/nomadyczna-europa-poststrukturalistyczne-granice-europejskiego-uniwersalizmu

Ebook dostępny jest tutaj: https://www.ibuk.pl/fiszka/253907/nomadyczna-europa-poststrukturalistyczne-granice-europejskiego-uniwersalizmu.html

Based on long term archaeological ethnography on the border island of Lesvos situated on Europe's margins, this article explores the regimes of eating and the role of food practices in the refugee camp/processing centre of Moria. Starting from the double liminality of eating and border-crossing, it outlines and juxtaposes two regimes of corporeal life. The first is the biopolitical arena of official food provision as produced by the border apparatus and the logic of humanitarian governmentality. This regulates border-crosser's time and daily routines and renders them 'people of concern', tress-passers or victimized individuals with no agency. The second is the affective, trans-corporeal, multisensorial field of cooking, eating, making kin, making community. It is produced through the agency of border-crossers themselves, when they take charge of their own eating. In doing so, they constitute eating in these liminal conditions as affirmative biopolitics, as the affirmative politics of life and hope.

随着资本主义、殖民主义和民族国家体系的扩张，19、20世纪，全球土地被“领土化”。划分和争夺背后，折射的是全新的地理认知和政治意识形态。民族国家以人为划定的边界来塑造身份认同，传统的地域空间认知被国际法准则彻底改造。本文对日本殖民官僚兼学者篠田治策的“间岛”（中朝边境图们江以北）论述做“知识考古”，并将此论述放到19世纪的国际法及殖民知识体系中认知。提出的问题包括：为何篠田坚持将图们、鸭绿两江以北地区称为“无人地带”？他依靠哪些史料，并如何利用这些史料？更为重要的是，这些史料本身，又是如何形成的？本文揭示国际法话语与殖民体系之间的关系，反思用起源近代欧洲的国际法观念讨论古代东亚国家关系的倾向。此外，通过考察中朝边境地理认知的起源、传播、流变，本文也希望为探讨全球史框架下的东亚史，提供一个具体的案例。

In this paper I use a trans-border lens to investigate the region encompassed by the Russian Far East, northeast China, eastern
Mongolia, northern Korea, and the Sea of Japan. We need to transcend
the framework of nation-states and restore the region’s historical agency
in a broader geographic, geopolitical, and economic context. We also need to view the socioeconomic development of the area in terms of a protracted process in which various indigenous groups played crucial roles. Recognizing the historical dynamic of this region helps to reconceptualize its present and future development.

The paper focuses on the interpretation of Roman Italy and its geographical borders in the Early Modern period, with particular attention to its rebirth in Biondo Flavio’s work - Key words: Italia romana, historical borders, regiones, Augustus, Pliny the Younger, Decretum Rubiconis, Alpine districts, Augusta Praetoria,  tropaeum Alpium, La Turbie, Aquileia, Histria, river Formio,  Tridentum.

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar la creación del Parque Nacional Iguazú en tanto parte del proceso de consolidación de la presencia del Estado nacional sobre la zona de frontera internacional del noreste argentino, en el marco del proceso general de consolidación del Estado y de la constitución sus fronteras nacionales. En este sentido, el trabajo buscará sostener que la política de creación de Parques Nacionales iniciada por el Estado nacional a comienzos del siglo XX no sólo buscaba la conservación de espacios naturalessobresalientes (como lagos, bosques o cataratas), sino que también tenía como objetivo la consolidación de la presencia del Estado nacional sobre territorios de incorporación tardía al mismo, cuyos límites internacionaleseran de reciente definición, y donde contaba con una débil capacidad de regulación sobre las actividades productivas. De este modo, la política de creación de diversos Parques Nacionales aparece como parte del proceso de creación del ...

La zone frontalière dans la tourmente · L’accession à l’indépendance du Soudan du Sud en 2011 n’a pas mis un terme au plus vieux conflit africain. Au contraire, la rébellion contre Khartoum a repris dans les États soudanais du Kordofan du Sud et du Nil Bleu, avant de s’étendre à la frontière entre les deux Soudan. Une instabilité qui risque de s’accroître avec la dissidence qui s’est développée dans le Soudan du Sud contre le président Salva Kiir, menée par l’ancien vice-président Riek Machar.

This article examines the role of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in the implementation of the European Union (EU) migration and asylum policy in Niger. Building on policy analysis and qualitative interviews with stakeholders, it contributes to the literature on the externalization process of EU borders. The first part of the article focuses on the international and local context in which this process has taken place in Niger since 2015. The second part refers to the principal-agent (PA) theory inspired from economics to model the dynamics of the delegation relationships linking the European Commission (EC) to the IOM and the UNHCR in Niger. It is argued that the two main objectives pursued by the EU through the externalization of its migration and asylum policy—namely the offshoring of border control and the outsourcing of asylum claims processing—are respectively fulfilled by the IOM and the UNHCR in Niger. As such, this article highlights how the cooperation of International Organizations (IOs) is critical to enable the EU to filter and restrict human mobility from the Sahel region.

En la década de 1890, en pleno boom del caucho, los barcos de vapor comienzan a recorrer lentamente la Amazonía boliviana. El escenario es prometeico: la goma construye fortunas en medio de la selva, se planean ferrocarriles que modernizarán el país, se trazan proyectos para canalizar los ríos y las firmas caucheras inician una carrera naval que transforma la navegación precaria de canoas, monterías y batelones. El discurso tecnófilo plantea al vapor como una revolución copernicana que lo cambia todo: posibilita el progreso social y el desarrollo económico, aniquila el tiempo y el espacio, libera el transporte de las constricciones de la geografía, refuerza la soberanía nacional en la frontera. ¿Pero conviene reducir el barco cauchero a ícono del progreso civilizador o a un mecanismo de la agenda nacionalista? Se trata de analizar qué sucede con el barco propiamente dicho más allá de ese contexto singular, sin diluirlo en una economía política, y de procurar reconstruir las biografías, las historias y los imaginarios del barco y de la gente del barco, pero a la vez la experiencia de una navegación inédita que cifra nuevas percepciones del río y de la selva: porque ciertamente hay una concepción técnica de la navegación fluvial a vapor, pero hay también una cierta belleza estética del barco, un cierto simbolismo, una cierta nostalgia o memoria afectiva del barco como artefacto que una lectura atenta de las fuentes históricas puede ayudarnos a recuperar. (Bolivia - Amazonía - Antropología histórica - Extractivismo - Mecanización - Barcos - Caucho)

Although, the Sahara Wall was built, at first, in a specific context and for a specific goal, today it reflects multidimensional aspects of a long-term conflict –the Western Sahara issue that still threatens the stability of the Maghreb region. The future of the Sahara Wall is closely related to the original issue itself which needs a negotiated, realistic and equitable solution due to its complex dimensions.

While media and scholarly attention on the ‘clandestinity’ of migrants is commonplace, and while ‘visibility’ and ‘invisibility’ feature prominently in the vocabulary of migration scholars, it seems researchers rarely interrogate borders and migration from the angle of sociologies, anthropologies and geographies of secrecy. We use the analytics of secrecy when we debate the covert activities of spies, diplomats, bankers, conspirators,  not to mention the transgressive acts of whistleblowers, but arguably less so when we theorize migration control. In this essay I want to explore some connections between the politics of secrecy and the politics of migration control. My main argument is that it is fruitful to bring theoretical and empirical reflections on secrecy into the debate about borders and migration. I call this the secretization of migration.

In the face of the ‘refugee crisis’, many European governments, even in traditionally liberal states, unilaterally introduced a number of restrictive and, often, controversial migration, asylum, and border control policies. The author argues that past legal-bureaucratic choices on migration and asylum policies, ongoing developments in international relations at that time, the structural and perceived capacity of receiving states to cope with the refugee influx, and long-standing migration-related security concerns influenced the responses of many European governments amid the mass population movement. However, the author also suggests that the surfacing of particular policies across Europe was related to the newly elected Greek government’s attempted U-turn from similar repressive and controversial policies during that time. In this regard, the author maintains that repressive and controversial migration, asylum, and border control policies cannot simply be abolished within the cont...

In a collective action to reclaim the label of the Eastern Queendom—a legendary matriarchal kingdom—the villagers in Suopo township, Danba county, Sichuan take advantage of the media and a newly founded tourism association to press their claims by highlighting their political marginality in Danba and condemning the local state for its favoritism and partisanship. In consequence, a struggle over the “ownership” of the queendom has both manifested and generated the reconfiguration of grassroots politics on this part of the Sino-Tibetan border: exacerbated society-state relations, diversified societal and state sectors, and enhanced political participation of both elites and villagers. The locals are simultaneously engaged in an identity politics to define their manifold identities along the lines of Chinese citizenship, inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic sameness and differences, regional/local ties, professional/peasant status, marginality/majority perceptions, and (other) political stances such as loyalty to the party-state.

Identifying the correct HS code has been perceived as a kind of
tacit skill of some specifics in the past. With the implementation
of ENS-Entry Summary System (or AMS- Advanced Manifest
Submission to Customs authorities) it became a buzz word
in the industry because even the customer service personnel
are now compelled to familiar with HS codes at least for commodities
that are commonly transported. Therefore, in addition
to those who are directly involved in commercial trading shipping
lines also need to be very cautious about the accuracy of
the HS (Harmonized System) Codes that are declared by the
respective exporters. Accordingly, more awareness of the real
mechanism of the HS coding system is essential by the professionals
to with respect to the broader perspectives of facilitating
a free world trade.

As an artist-scholar, I query: In what ways does border perform, (dis)connect, alter, shift dissolve and (re)imagine identity? Migration is essential to human existence in this present 'postnormal times' characterized by chaos, contradictions, global displacement and neoliberal realities (Ziauddin, 2010). From voluntary to forced migration, border shifts as living and non-living things move, and it is constantly being re/negotiated. Beyond physical or territorial border navigated in migration, cultures and arts transverse boundaries because people move with cultural practices, beliefs and traditions. For instance, as migrants' cultural practices and art forms trans-border, culture becomes a mobile apparatus that constantly changes and shifts from one form to another. As an autobiographical piece, in this article, I focus on the experience of the individual [me] to explore how my migratory and mobility experiences shape my identity and in turn find expression in my artistic practice. I engaged the notion of root and identities' (Bhavnani & Phoenix, 1994) and creating my own 'imagined communities' (Anderson, 1991). I focus on my performance in an applied theatre project with refugees, immigrants, and international students in Victoria,

This paper aims to review the detailed elements of the context situation at the Maghreb borders with a focus on the Algerian ones, shared, moreover, with all the countries of the Maghreb region and even the Sahel. We intend to analyze the borders that are being tested by the dynamics at work at several levels: i) the maritime borders whose overlap of Algeria’s maritime zones with Spain and Italy is under negotiation, a process already underway between Morocco and Spain, ii) the management of air borders in the light of the global pandemic, iii) and finally, Algeria’s land borders, the scene of multiple human flows and various cross-border exchanges.

Eileen Truax | translated by Diane Stockwell | An excerpt from How Does It Feel To Be Unwanted? | Beacon Press | September 2018

How many times can you start your life all over again from zero? If there’s anyone who knows the answer to that question, it’s Claudia Amaro. She had to do it for the first time when her father was murdered, when she was ten years old. She started over again for a second time when she was thirteen and her mother decided to move the whole family, including Claudia and her three sisters, to the United States, fleeing violence. She had to hit the reset button again when she was thirty and a deportation order for her husband destroyed her family and the life she had built over the past two decades, sending him, Claudia, and their US-citizen son back to Mexico, a place she no longer felt was home.

_______________________________________________________________ Abstract The present paper is intended to review No Borders movement and its practical political experience. First of all, this article will investigate its radical contestation against borders, and in particular against the EU border regime and the European immigration policies; then, the attention will focus on the examination of the political practices that activists without borders perform in the attempt to realize their political project. The editorial article " Why No Borders " , by Bridget Anderson, Nandita Sharma and Cynthia Wright, and Mezzadra and Neilson's studies on borders will be fundamental for the investigation of the No Borders political approach and for the explanation of the particular role of borders in its political theories; Nicholas De Genova and Martina Tazzioli's researches in the migration studies will be very useful in the description of the " refugee crisis " and the related process of never-ending militarization of European immigration controls and policies. This theoretical view surrounds the No Borders contestation. Finally, this article will discuss a specific political practice: the solidarity squatting experience of the Calais Migrant Solidarity, a No Borders collective operating in France. The ultimate aim is to show that No Borders political practices are fundamental to generate a highly critical interpretation of the contemporary migration issue and, consequently, to engage a direct involvement of individuals in the migration phenomenon, and particularly in the humanitarian field. Indeed, No Borders projects are grounded on a particular notion of solidarity that, to use Lilie Chouliaraki's words, reduces the distance between " ironic spectators " and " vulnerable others ". On one hand, this peculiarity helps to get close to distant people's experiences; on the other hand, it represents a concrete threat for the inhuman and dehumanizing performances of the international capitalistic system. ___________________________________________________________________________