Child Psychology

Kinder zeichnen schon sehr lange. Und es ist schwer vorstellbar, dass sie es nicht in jeder Kultur getan haben, die den allgemeinen Gebrauch von Ritzinstrumenten oder Stiften und Formen der bildlichen Repräsentation kannte. Dennoch ist die ›Entdeckung‹ der Kinderzeichnung ein genuin modernes Phänomen. Seit dem 16. Jahrhundert ist ein Interesse der professionellen Maler am Phänomen Kinderzeichnung nachweisbar, aber erst in den 1880er Jahren werden die graphischen Versuche der Kinder zum Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher Reflexion. Die »Kunst der Kinder« etablierte sich in der Folge als ein wichtiges Instrument der Entwicklungs- und Intelligenzpsychologie, der Pädagogik und Psychoanalyse. Die Wissenschaften vom Kinde erschlossen das Zeichnen als ein Mittel der Kommunikation, welches Dispositionen, Bedürfnisse und Konflikte dokumentiert, die das Kind selbst (noch) nicht sprachlich artikulieren kann. Mehr noch als das Spiel oder die Phantasie- und Lügengeschichten soll die Kinderzeichnung seither Auskunft geben über Entwicklung, Intelligenz und Raumwahrnehmung, über psychische Veranlagung und psychoanalytische Ätiologie. Das Zeichnen wurde damit als Instrument einer Normalisierung des Kindes in Dienst genommen. Die Experimentalisierung der Kinderzeichnung brachte aber auch ein neues Verständnis der anthropologischen Funktion des Zeichnens hervor, das uns bis heute begleitet: Sie hat den Blick dafür geschärft, dass es sich schon bei der harmlosesten Kritzelei um ein Medium der Subjektwerdung des Kindes handelt, das es ihm ermöglicht und erleichtert ein erkennendes, denkendes und handelndes Subjekt zu werden.

This paper has been published in a somewhat different form in Meg Harris Williams' "Aesthetic Conflict  and its Clinical Relevance." - Karnac, 2018.

It outlines the various "knife-edge" defenses the infant mind must struggle with in the face of the emotional impact of the mother's beauty, particularly when there is no absolute guarantee of this being reciprocated.
An attempt is made to disambiguate this vulnerability from those which call into play defenses against (Kleinian) unconscious envy.
Both serve to protect the internal good/beautiful mother from destruction, in the infant mind.
One aspect of Narcissism, not usually emphasized, is the lack of conscious awareness of one's rejection of love and beauty when offered by another.
Instead, the narcissist remains almost totally merely conscious of his or her own feelings of being rejected, especially aesthetically.

The Questionnaire for Crying, Feeding and Sleeping of an infant, constructed based on theory and factor analysis, is assessed for internal consistency, inter-correlations, and its relation to a behaviour diary. A clinical and a non-clinical sample are compared. The sample of in total 704 infants younger than one year consists of different subsamples. To test the differences between a clinical and a non-clinical sample assessed with the questionnaire, data of 134 infants brought to the outpatient unit for parents with their infants and toddlers and a matched sample are used. The principal components analysis results in three well-interpretable scales correlating with each other, which all show a high internal consistency. The connections to the diary records and the differences between the means of the clinical and the non-clinical sample are found in the expected directions. The results of the Questionnaire for Crying, Feeding and Sleeping, including the criterion of Wessel, are con...

Humans’ conscious awareness of objects in their visual periphery is limited. This limit is not entirely the result of reduced visual acuity. Rather, it is primarily caused by crowding—the difficulty identifying an object when it is surrounded by clutter. The effect of crowding on visual awareness in infants has yet to be explored. Do infants, for example, have a fine-grained “spotlight,” as adults do, or do infants have a diffuse “lantern” that sets limits on what they can register in their visual periphery? We designed an eye-tracking paradigm to psychophysically measure crowding in infants between 6 months and 15 months of age. We showed infants pairs of faces at three eccentricities, in the presence or absence of flankers, and recorded infants’ first saccade from central fixation to either face. Infants could discriminate faces in the periphery, and flankers impaired this ability. We found that the effective spatial resolution of infants’ visual perception increased with age, but...

Dyads of 8-year-old friends identified by sociometric friendship nominations were followed through the end of the school year to determine if they remained friends. These dyads as well as a control group of nonfriends were observed while participating in two structured tasks designed to stimulate real life social situations of potential conflict. When negotiating the sharing of an object, friends made more proposals than nonfriends, spent more time negotiating, and compromised more in making their counterproposals. Compared with dyads in which the friendship did not continue through the end of the school year, dyads of continuing friends exhibited greater sensitivity in their negotiations. During a fast-paced, competitive game, friends engaged in more competitive behavior and followed the rules more closely than did nonfriends. However, behavior in this game was unrelated to the continuation of friendship.

This study explores the effect of media exposure on child's psychology according to parental perceptions. Aggression and self-concept are selected as parameters of children psychology. The combined role of education and occupation of mothers as moderators in relationship between media exposure and children's psychology are also analyzed. A survey was conducted with 400 parents of school going children aged between 6 to 12 years. The results show positive association of media exposure with psychology, self-concept and aggression among children according to their parents. Furthermore, the education of mother moderates the relation between media exposure and self-concept positively, while mother's occupation does not moderate this relationship. The results also indicate that mother's education negatively moderates the relationship between media exposure and aggression among children, however the occupation of mother positively moderates this relation. This study concludes that there is a strong effect of media exposure on children psychology as perceived by their parents.

This study sought to find out perceptions that primary school teachers have on their training and preparation in classroom questioning skills in primary teachers colleges of education. The study was guided by the following questions: 1) what are the perceptions primary school teachers have on their training and preparation in classroom questioning skills in primary teacher colleges of education? ii) What type of classroom questioning do teachers prefer using in their classrooms? iii) Is there a relationship between the teacher's initial training and preparation in primary teachers college of education and the type of classroom questioning they prefer using in classrooms? A descriptive survey research design was deployed. The study comprised 100 serving primary school teachers as respondents and these were chosen using systematic sampling. Questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and observation check list were used to collect data. The findings of this research indicate that: Serving primary school teachers were of the view that they were not well trained in classroom questioning skills during their pre-service training, with regard to low-order and high-order questioning, the serving primary school teachers preferred using low-order classroom questioning to high-order classroom questioning and the type of classroom questioning that primary school teachers used in their classes was related to the way they were trained and prepared in primary teachers colleges of education. The study recommended that there is need for participatory teacher training programmes because in this training model, teachers take an active role in the training process. Training of teachers moves away from being theoretical to being practical. Pre and post service teacher training programmes should focus on training primary school teachers in classroom questioning skills. Teacher Group Meetings (TGMs) should be utilised to improve teacher skills in classroom questioning skills.

IT IS often claimed that young children do not understand the principle of the invariance of quantity. This conclusion is based on the results of the well-known conservation experiments by Piaget and Szeminska (1952) which apparently show that children below 7 or 8 yr ...

Children often have strong anxious feelings when their parents aren't in the immediate vicinity - but most quickly learn that Dad and Mom aren't gone forever.  Some children are less fortunate, and when a small child experiences a catastrophic loss of a loved one - parent, sibling -  the "lesson" can be totally debilitating if it passes unchecked into adulthood.

See also:
https://www.academia.edu/41948393/I_Want_My_Mother_A_Quick_Guide_to_Separation_Anxiety_-_Roy_Waidler

With more and more families presenting with two or more children with autism, this revolutionary treatment method in autism is transforming the lives of these autistic children and their families. Not only that, this approach is healing the lives of the entire family, thus being the FIRST, scientifically proven healing approach in autism that is truly (W) Holistic in every sense of the term. This is a win-win situation for all, as one can see the RESULTS of this path-breaking treatment in autism, right from Day ONE. The Problem While it is known that there is a " risk " of another child with autism being born in a family where the parents already have one child with autism, the actual statistics for the same is lacking. This article is inspired by my experience in healing children with autism in families with more than one child with autism. Autism Treatment Approach The healing method that was applied was Intent Healing™ that is based on Applied Energy Medicine and Applied Intentional Epigenetics. One can know more details about the same by perusing these articles on the scientific basis of the same and the case reports of successfully healed cases here: http://www.intenthealing.com/blog/ and in this online course on 'The Energy Basis of Autism and the Solution' , where the Testimonials and the Evidence of successfully healed cases of Autism, in line with EBM (Evidence Based Medicine) applying Intent Healing™ is available here: http://authenticautismsolutions.usefedora.com The treatment method applied was as follows: 1. Energy assessments of both parents and the autistic children: The energy patterns of the parents and the children were assessed over two days and two nights and the reports shared with the parents. This helps in understanding the underlying specific causes for the symptoms of autism seen in each child with autism, which was unique to each child. 2. Individual healing sessions with each parent: These sessions were done over skype and as Remote Healing sessions timed according to the time zones where the parents lived. Intent Healing™ energies were channeled in the sessions and the individual parents' energies were realigned first. 3. Individual sessions for each child: These sessions were done as Remote Healing sessions while each child was sleeping in bed at different times of the night. In some cases the sessions were done for one child and once the symptoms disappeared in that child the ISSN 2379-7150 sessions were done for the other child who had autism and then the third child after that. In some cases with two children with autism the sessions were done on the same day at different timings and improvements in the symptoms in both the children with each session were noted and documented till complete disappearance of all the symptoms was achieved. Results 1. In all the cases improvements of the symptoms in the children were seen right from the very FIRST session. 2. With consecutive sessions, PROGRESSIVE improvements in the symptoms were seen and documented in both the children with autism in the cases where the families had two children with autism and those families with more than two children with autism, the improvements were seen in ALL the autistic children. 3. In ALL the cases of families with two or more than two children with autism, 70-80% of the limiting symptoms of autism in each child disappeared over a span of 20-30 days were the sessions were done on consecutive days with no break in between. In families where the sessions were done for each child one after the other (doing the sessions for one child only first till the symptoms disappeared and then moving on to the next child and so on), the time period for recovery was correspondingly longer due to the logistics involved. 4. The ENTIRE FAMILY including the parents got healed in the process. By this I mean the physical well-being of the parents improved and they had more energy to devote to their individual creative pursuits and careers and were able to see progress in ALL aspects of their lives individually, as well as collectively, as a family.

Everyone has their theory as to what makes the best learning environment and how people learn and develop. I personally believe that when we teachers establish harmonious, loving relationships with students and bring forth a safe trusting atmosphere surrounded by love, this makes the best learning environment. To hone the characteristics of an effective teacher, one must first become a servant of Jesus Christ. We serve others with love being the drawing factor and through the gifts and talents that the Lord has entrusted us. Teaching is one of the nine spiritual gifts given to man for the expansion of the kingdom of God. We must know we became a teacher in the first place, but most importantly, why did God choose us to be teachers. Also, the teacher must understand the role of an outstanding teacher versus a mediocre teacher. An outstanding teacher does nothing that any other teacher cannot do―it is just the question of knowing the principles of effective teaching and how to apply them (Slavin, 2015). These principles include understanding how to enhance student learning, providing the most effective and efficient way to teach students and having the ability to motivate students. One way in which the teacher can enhance learning is by using various resources that match a student’s learning style.

Análisis del personaje central de Entrañas de niño, Paquito, a la luz de lo planteado por Nietzsche en la Genealogía de la moral. Se destaca el paso del protagonista de ser un niño cruel a alguien a quien le enseñan la noción de pecado y sentimiento de culpa y comienza a encontrar otra vía para expresar su agresividad. Es su entrada en el "uso de razón", expresión coloquial antioqueña para dar cuenta del proceso de inserción en las normas de la sociedad y la cultura.

Sensory over-responsivity (SOR) towards tactile and auditory input can impact children’s participation in academic and social activities; however the prevalence of SOR behaviors and their relation to social-emotional problems and competence has not been rigorously studied. This study investigated SOR in a representative sample of elementary school-aged children (n=925, 50 % boys, ages 7–11 years) who were followed from infancy. Sixteen percent of parents reported that at least four tactile or auditory sensations bothered their children. Being bothered by certain sensations was common while others were relatively rare. Parents of children with versus without elevated SOR in school-age reported higher frequencies of early and co-occurring internalizing, externalizing, and dysregulation problems, and lower levels of concurrent adaptive social behaviors. Early identification of elevated SOR and assessment of concurrent social-emotional status are important to minimize their impact on so...