Copper

SUMMARY: Chapter 8, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers what typically survives, what constitutes an "artifact", interpreting usage, obtaining materials (e.g., quarrying; mining), transporting materials, installing materials, manufacturing items, identifying function, experimental archaeology, etc., regarding stone, bone, antler, shell, leather, wood, plant, metal, faience, glass, and other materials and diverse artifacts.  In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record.  UPDATED May 2023.

Pancreatic cancer is a rapidly fatal disease, and there is an urgent need for early detection markers and novel therapeutic targets. The current study has used a proteomic approach of two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (MS) to identify differentially expressed ...

The results of investigation of the spectral characteristics of radiation in the presence of the photonic flame effect recently discovered experimentally are presented. Radiation from a ruby laser operating in the Q-factor modulation regime with a generation wavelength of 694.3 nm is focused near the oriented surface of a globular photon crystal (artificial opal with a globule size of 230 nm) placed on a copper cold guide whose temperature is close to the liquid-nitrogen boiling point (77 K). The spectrum of long-term afterglow (with a duration of about several seconds when the duration of a pump pulse is equal to 20 ns) appearing in the photonic flame effect is detected using a fiber optic minispectrometer and consists of several comparatively narrow lines whose intensity strongly varies with the pumping power. A similar glow is observed in opal samples filled with acetone or ethanol.

There is accumulating evidence that the metabolism of several trace elements is altered in diabetes mellitus and that these nutrients might have specific roles in the pathogenesis and progress of this disease. The aim of present study was to compare the level of essential ...