Cultural History

?על פי מה ניתן לקבוע שחלום זה הינו חלום מכונן בהסטוריה של הפסיכואנליזה
מהו הפירוש שלפרויד עצמו? של אריק אריקסון, שראשון שהבחין שלחלום יש שני  חלקים, ושכלחולם אחר היה מתעורר בשיא הזוועתי של החלק הראשון שלהחלום.
ומה הפירוש של לאקאן, המסתכך קודם כל, כל דו-המשמעות של מסמן מרכזי בחלום, המילה הגרמנית ל"פתרון" (שפרויד מציע לאירמה), היא גם המילה  ל"תמיסה". אכן, המזרק אכן היה מזוהם, כפי שפרויד טוען בחלום.ן
Lily Angel co-author (participant in Reading Group I led)

In order to better cope with the pressures and stresses of the current day, modern psychology is anxiously seeking to find new therapies to address the increasing disorders within the human psyche. In the process new fields of research, such as humanistic and transpersonal psychology, curiously appear to borrow more and more from the wisdom of the ages. This volume, containing eighteen articles by noteworthy expositors of the perennial philosophy such as Huston Smith, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, and Frithjof Schuon, presents the spiritual psychology of the wisdom traditions as a much-needed antidote to the current impasse in modern psychology.

Some Endorsements for Psychology and the Perennial Philosophy:

“[Psychology and the Perennial Philosophy] is more than an anthology. It is a wisely crafted collection of classic and contemporary scholarship noting that what many are seeking is what has always been, a perennial philosophy, that remains foundational. As one of the authors, Tage Lindbom, properly notes, ‘Secularization is a fish in troubled waters.’ This book claims the waters and is essential reading for all those who may have forgotten or are simply ignorant of the rich foundation provided by the perennial philosophy.”
—Ralph W. Hood, Professor of Psychology at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, past president of the Psychology of Religion division of the American Psychological Association, co-founder of The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion and co-author of The Psychology of Religion

“A necessary and bracing critique of the assumptions and limitations of contemporary Western psychology, this generous volume is also a passionate call and learned guide towards a truer perspective that embraces man's spiritual nature.”
—Gabor Maté, M.D., and author of In the Realm of Hungry Ghosts: Close Encounters with Addiction

“Knowing the nature of the mind is perhaps the most difficult undertaking, especially in today’s world. To comprehend the nature of mind one needs to turn to the domain of religion and spirituality. Yet the truth of the mind and its complexity cannot explicitly be defined in words. Inner or transcendent wisdom sees the mind’s own nature without the duality of the seer. Suchness (tathatā) of mind is only experiential and not expressible. The words used to describe thought are themselves a product of thought, which is conditioned and limited. Thus, differences and contradictions are unavoidable. Therefore, a comparative study of different viewpoints and commentaries is immensely important to awaken the inner intelligence to see the mind as it is. Psychology and the Perennial Philosophy: Studies in Comparative Religion edited by Samuel Bendeck Sotillos is an outstanding effort in this direction.”
—Samdhong Rinpoche, former Prime Minister (Kalon Tripa) of the Tibetan Government-in-exile, author of Uncompromising Truth for a Compromised World: Tibetan Buddhism and Today’s World

“The rise of psychology has impacted the study and practice of spirituality, the experiences and attitudes relevant to ultimate human values that transcend ordinary behavior. Each chapter of this remarkable book demonstrates this interaction in a unique and provocative way. But rather than using psychology to reduce and ‘psychologize’ spiritual topics, its authors demonstrate how directives from the spiritual traditions can enhance and even illuminate the enduring importance of psychology in the 21st century.”
—Stanley Krippner, Saybrook University, co-author of Spiritual Dimensions of Healing

“The work at hand is a thinking and debating man’s delight. If you have any interest at all in attempting to include an educated and enlightened view of man’s higher functions in your purview of the world, you will learn from and enjoy this collection of essays. If you already have some knowledge in this area, brace yourself: you may see some of your favorites sharply criticized. A thought-provoking work.”
—Bruce W. Scotton, University of California, San Francisco, co-editor of Textbook of Transpersonal Psychiatry and Psychology

“This book, superbly edited by Samuel Bendeck Sotillos, is a masterful critique of the field of psychology and its loss of the sacred ground in which it once was rooted. It offers depth psychologists an opportunity to contemplate timeless truths echoed through the centuries by perennial philosophers who have always claimed psyche is subordinate to Spirit. Although ignored in depth psychology’s early years due to prejudice and lack of understanding, this is a message today’s psychotherapists must take seriously. Human beings need a deeper and wider transpersonal vision of who and what we are, which the saints and sages of the world’s spiritual traditions have always pointed to. In psychotherapy with a therapist committed to such a vision, patients penetrate into their unconscious depths and not infrequently awaken to the Ground of all Being. Their suffering itself occurred because they had turned away from Spirit. Above all, this volume passionately calls upon depth psychology to remember its origin in the perennial wisdom at the core of the great religions. There is something of a polemic in these pages. It deserves to be considered by depth psychologists of all persuasions.”
—Bryan Wittine, Transpersonal psychologist and Jungian psychoanalyst

“This anthology from Samuel Bendeck Sotillos is a must reference for anyone who is interested in psychology and its relationship to spirituality, and in developing an inclusive dialogue between disciplines that favor an integral outlook on the person and his or her potential. Selections in this anthology will inspire us to reexamine the metaphysical underpinnings of psychology, and remind us how important it is to rise above science’s attempt to reduce the human being to an epistemic object.”
—Sangeetha Menon, National Institute of Advanced Studies (Bangalore, India), Board Member of the International Transpersonal Association (ITA), author of The Beyond Experience: Consciousness in Bhagavad Gita

“This anthology has some of the most discerning essays and reviews on spirituality and psychology, which provide much-needed care and caution to all those engaged in bringing them together or who wish to do so in future. Therefore, it is a must-read for all those who teach, research, consult, or study in such frontier areas as transpersonal psychology, states of consciousness, mind-body relation, holistic health, Indian psychology, and so on. It will be an invaluable textbook for courses in these and other related areas. I congratulate the editor of the book.”
—Kiran Kumar K. Salagame, University of Mysore (India), Board Member of the International Transpersonal Association (ITA), author of The Psychology of Meditation: A Contextual Approach

“One of the finest collections of essays on the Perennial Philosophy—a must-read for all psychologists who are engaged with spirituality and transpersonal psychology. The essays which critique modern psychology (including transpersonal psychology, and the framework of Carl Jung), in the light of the Perennial Philosophy are a revelation and make compelling reading. The book serves as a corrective to the excesses of modern psychology, and to this end Sotillos has done a commendable job. I for one will include the book in some of the graduate courses that I teach.”
—Suneet Varma, University of Delhi, co-editor of Foundations of Indian Psychology

“To its credit modern science by-and-large is becoming more cognizant of the essential connection between spirituality and psychological health and well-being and most of all its positive implications within the field of psychology. While there is ample data to document this in a plethora of academic journals and books, this new book Psychology and the Perennial Philosophy adds a novel contribution to the dialogue between psychology and spirituality, which captures many nuances that for the most part go unnoticed within these discussions, and last but not least, it provides a keen eye of discernment to understand this intricate relationship on a deeper level that is crucially needed. This work will be a valuable asset to students and long term mental health practitioners and professors alike who seek to better understand the relationship between psychology and spirituality.”
—Harold G. Koenig, Duke University, Director of the Center for Spirituality, Theology and Health, co-author of The Handbook of Religion and Health

Audiences are among the dominant elements of courtly life and may be referred to as a central aspect of representation of power in many societies. Audiences also served as a stage for negotiation and political decision-making. Beyond that, the ceremonial of audience acted as an integrative factor, strengthening the connections between the ruler and his subjects, the élite and his dynastic background. It thus reflects the structure, or at least the intended structure of rule, and allows us to get insight into the perception of the ruler in the respective society. This volume offers an approach to forms and structures of audiences in different epochs and regions. Choosing a transcultural and diachronic perspective, it aims at delineating similarities and differences as well as possible lines of development of the ceremonial on a broad basis of case studies.

Este libro presenta la historia del espacio cultural más significativo de la capital del Departamento de Sucre en el Caribe colombiano, en el periodo de finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX. A través de sus páginas se pueden entender las relaciones entre memoria e identidad en la región de las sabanas del antiguo Departamento de Bolívar. Se traza aquí un recorrido por el desarrollo de algunas de las más importantes prácticas culturales de la región, dentro de las cuales se destacan las alboradas, las retretas con música de bandas de viento y el fandango. Se muestra en este libro la apropiación del imaginario progresista por parte de un pueblo de tradición agraria, su entrada en un universo global y su capacidad creativa para apropiar los discursos de la modernidad, a través de la construcción y el uso de sus espacios públicos.

Deadline: July 18, 2022.
The international conference *Transatlantic Visions: Italian Film Cultures and Modernisms in Post-War America (1949-1972)* focuses on the presence of Italian cinema in post-World War II U.S. cultural consumption. Its aim is to map the transatlantic exchanges that permitted or fostered the circulation and influence of Italian cinema in the United States in various ways during the period under consideration.

kuruluşundan bu yana, dünyadaki birçok saha araştırmacısı ve müzikolog tarafından önemli çalışma merkezi konumda olmuştur. Berlin ekolünün kurucuları aynı zamanda bu kurumun da kurucuları olarak da bilinmektir. İkinci dünya savaşından sonra sessizliğe bürünen bu kurum, son yıllarda tekrar bir canlanma yaşamakta ve bir asrı aşkın süredir muhafaza ettiği tarihi belge niteliğindeki mum kayıtlarını geniş kapsamlı bir proje dâhilinde dijital ortama aktarmaktadır. Bu çalışmamızda Berlin Fonograf Arşivi'nin Türkiye ve Türk müzikolojisi açısından önemini ortaya koyarak Türk müzikolojisine yeni bilgiler aktarmaya çalışmaktayız. Yine bu çalışmaya paralel olarak, Alman Milli Kütüphanesinin verilerine dayanarak, " Türk Beşlileri " olarak bildiğimiz; , Ulvi Cemal Erkin, Hasan Ferit Alnar, Necil Kazım Akses ve Cemal Reşit Rey'in bu kurum için önemini ortaya koymaktayız. Çalışmamızda, " Türk Beşlileri " hakkında önemli istatistik bilgileri sunarak bir karşılaştırma yapmakta yeni bulgular elde etmeye çalışmaktayız Abstract Berlin Phonograph Archieve has been the center for many field researchers and musicologists all over the world since it was established. Berline Ecole's establishers are known as the establishers of this intitute as well. The institution, which has been inactive or passive after the World War Second, has shown a remarkably vivid reactivity in recent years, and perserving candle documents over than a century ,which are considered as valuable historical inscriptions, tranformed them into a digital formation in a great Project. In this study, we try to find out the significance of Berline's phonogragpic Archieve in terms of Turkey and Turkish musicology and to convey some more new information to Turkish musicology. Again, along with this study, we try to underline the importance of musicians for this institute; as we Have known them as " Turkish Quintette " ; Ahmed Adnan Saygun,Ulvi Cemal Erkin, Hasan Ferit Anlar, Necil Kazım Akses and Cemal Reşit Rey,based on the data of German National Library. In this study, we have tried to figure out some important statistic indications about " Turkish Quintette " using comparason technic.

The perception of Greek movies by the audiences, as well as, the various ways through which, the movies affect the audiences’ consciousness are important factors within film studies. They are, however, significantly understudied, especially with regard to Greek popular cinema. They have garnered virtually no research interest although Greek popular cinema is given, recently, much attention. Most relevant film studies in Greece lay emphasis either on context or on merely film analysis. Therefore, there are no studies attempting to explore the interplay between film and audience and especially how this interplay is formed in reference both to the audience’s representation of cinema as spectacle, and to the subjects’ lived experience.
My presentation will show the interaction between Greek popular cinema and its audience, based on the agents’ lived experience recorded in a corpus of in-depth interviews that have been taken during the last eight years. Hence, I will problematise the methodological presuppositions regarding the examination of the audience’s response to Greek popular cinema, specifically of the Greek film audiences of the past. In this effort the methodological tool of cultural memory is very useful (see specialy the works of Annette Kuhn). My analysis will focus in the case study of melodrama, one of the two most important popular genres, along with comedy, in the Greek cinema of this period. In this sense, I find myself currying out the search of the “Structure of feeling” (Raymond Williams) that is, the cultural elements of Greek society during the 1950’s and 1960’s, through the perception of popular films.

This essay examines the role and meaning of Shaykh Mushrif al-Dīn “Saʻdī” Shīrāzī’s Gulistān in late Mughal India. As the prose primer for a Persian education, the Gulistān encompassed the double meaning of adab, as exemplar both of literary form and of proper conduct. I explore instances in which the original text is cited in the work of Sirāj al-Din ʻAli Khān Ārzū (1689-1756 CE), a scholar and poet, who also wrote a commentary on the text. I then explore the larger context of Ārzū’s life and work in the context of mid- eighteenth-century Delhi, to situate the stakes of social and literary adab in a time of political fragmentation and social upheaval. Patronized by high-ranking Mughal officials, Ārzū was engaged in a larger project of recouping the cultural prestige of the imperial capital as political power devolved to regional centers in the face of factional politics and external invasion. Such an analysis seeks to historicize particular readings of classical texts of Persianate education.

Sir William Osler is celebrated today not only for his contributions to the advancement of medical education, but also for the humanism he brought to the practice of medicine. He was a doctor whose bedside skills and manners were emulated, and can legitimately be called an infectious diseases specialist. Nonetheless, he was also a humanist in the broader sense of the term, a student of human affairs and human nature, who emphasised compassion for the individual. To what extent, if any, are today's challenges influenced by departures from the paradigms created by Osler? In this paper we sought to ascertain whether such a tradition is still relevant to current practice and may foster a new perspective. We analysed two features of Osler's legacy that may be useful to clinicians: the first is his vision of the patient-physician relationship; the second is his approach to humanities. William Osler saw medicine in its wider scope, with the right and duty to be concerned with the h...

Actas de las XIII Jornadas Museológicas Chilenas realizadas en Valdivia en el año 2016.
Organizadores: ICOM-Chile y Dirección Museológica de la Universidad Austral de Chile.
Coordinador general: Simón Urbina.
Comité editorial: Luis Alegría, Gabriela Alt, Marcelo Godoy, Leonardo Mellado, Ricardo Mendoza, Simón Urbina, Valeria Vera, Fernando Vergara y Karin Weil.
Edición: César Altermatt.
Diseño: Milka Marinov.
Maquetación: Alejandra Rosas.
Traducción de conferencias magistrales: Valentina Pires A. / VPA Communications.

23 July-21.November 2017

"Foreword by Lesly Alway, Director Asialink Arts, an essay by Dr Martina Dlugaiczyk on Tina Wentcher's years in Berlin, and an essay by Ken Scarlett OAM on the Wentscher's period in South East Asia through to the work produced by Tina Wentcher in Australia"

This exhibition is generously supported by the Gordon Darling Foundation

Catalogue & Supplement
ISBN978-0-9946191-2-9

The First of the Modern Ottomans blends biography with intellectual history. On the one hand, it is the story of an Ottoman life – the life of the scribe, ambassador, and prolific historian Ahmed Vâsıf (ca. 1735-1806), a man who improbably rose from obscurity in Baghdad to travel the empire, fight its wars, advise its sultans, and, in time, write its history. As a full-scale biography, the book is a rarity for the field of Ottoman history and reconstructs Vâsıf’s life, career, and opinions through meticulous research in both Ottoman and European sources. On the other hand, The First of the Modern Ottomans is also one of the first detailed intellectual studies of the early modern Ottoman Empire. Weaving together Vâsıf’s life and thought with the larger intellectual currents of the day – especially at the court of Sultan Selim III in Istanbul – it explores central debates among the Ottoman ruling elite over Europe, political reform, war and peace, justice, and the empire’s renewal. Vâsıf’s life reveals a vital response to the empire’s challenges at the turn of the nineteenth century – one that was novel and deeply enmeshed in Islamic philosophy, ethics, and statecraft.

The following text is a response sent to an email dispatched to me by the Chairman of the exiled Oromo Parliamentarians who struggle for the Independence and Self-determination of the 5 millennia long Kushitic Ethiopian Nation of the Oromos.
The Hamitic - Kushitic Oromo Nation - due to criminal, inhuman and evil persecution conceived by the colonial powers (France, England and America) and executed by the colonially promoted barbaric and incestuous pseudo-Christian Abyssinians - lost their kingdoms and were engulfed within the Cemetery of Nations Fake Ethiopia, which consists in the world's most tyrannical realm and the location of the world's more abhorrent, more enduring, and more multifaceted genocides. There are more than 45 million Oromos in Abyssinia (Fake Ethiopia) and Kenya today, despite the notorious and pathetic falsehood propagated by Wikipedia.
The present text enumerates all the major points of historical distortion and falsification carried out and diffused by the colonial academia, mass media, and diplomats, as well as by their local agents and criminal executioners, i.e. the barbaric, incestuous and Anti-Christian tribes of Amhara and Tigray (: the Abyssinians), who usurped the fair name of Ethiopia, which historically denotes the land of North Sudan and the Kushitic Nation that prospered there either in the Antiquity or in the Christian Era. Both, the Oromos and the Arabic-speaking (but not Arab) populations of Northern-Central Sudan are the descendants of Ancient Sudan's (i.e. Ancient Ethiopia's) Kushitic populations.
Representative photographic documentation was herewith added to the text in order to better illustrate the topic.

Refutation of historical forgeries propagated by European colonials and incestuous Abyssinians
First published here:
https://megalommatiscomments.wordpress.com/2017/07/26/kushitic-oromos-ancestry-in-ethiopia-ancient-sudan-semitic-amharas-tigrays-abyssinians-ancestry-in-yemen/

Przysługujący widmom wywrotowy, niemalże rewolucyjny potencjał został odsunięty oraz zagubiony poprzez pozbycie się tej kontrowersyjnej kategorii z terytorium metafizyki i zbyt pośpieszne odesłanie jej do przestrzeni badań nad literaturą, sprowadzając ją jedynie do roli użytecznego, bezpiecznego narzędzia interpretacji.

Książka Andrzeja Marca odzyskuje niepokojący charakter widmontologii i ponownie wprowadza widma do myśli metafizycznej. Czym nawiedzona i przeniknięta jest tradycyjna metafizyka, co właściwie ją dręczy, nie daje spokoju oraz nieustannie podmywa jej stabilność?

Kategoria widma Derridy posłużyła Marcowi przede wszystkim do rozważań nad charakterem współczesności i przeobrażeń, jakie dokonały się w obrębie myśli ponowoczesnej. Współczesna kultura, zdaniem Marca, stała się miejscem powstawania widm, nieustannie powracających z przeszłości. Uznając, że nie jesteśmy już w stanie tworzyć utopijnych wizji przyszłości, autor stara się zdać sprawę z widmowego charakteru współczesnej kultury, analizując m. in. strategie vintage, retro, nurt no future w kulturze lat 70. czy nurt fantastyki naukowej w literaturze.

There are more types of borders today than ever before in history. Borders of all kinds define every aspect of social life in the twenty-first century. From the biometric data that divides the smallest aspects of our bodies to the aerial drones that patrol the immense expanse of our domestic and international airspace, we are defined by borders. They can no longer simply be understood as the geographical divisions between nation-states. Today, their form and function has become too complex, too hybrid. What we need now is a theory of the border that can make sense of this hybridity across multiple domains of social life.

Rather than viewing borders as the result or outcome of pre-established social entities like states, Thomas Nail reinterprets social history from the perspective of the continual and constitutive movement of the borders that organize and divide society in the first place. Societies and states are the products of bordering, Nail argues, not the other way around. Applying his original movement-oriented theoretical framework "kinopolitics" to several major historical border regimes (fences, walls, cells, and checkpoints), Theory of the Border pioneers a new methodology of "critical limology," that provides fresh tools for the analysis of contemporary border politics.

This approach to the imagery of the Southern and Eastern façades of Leon cathedral restores their original topography, their several liturgical functions, their intended audiences and the particular cultural and historical circumstances that surrounded their carving, and confronting them with the Portal of the Coronería and Sarmental of Burgos cathedral. In the portal of Saint Froilán is seen a celebration of this local saint’s main liturgical Feasts; the choice of an Apocalyptic program for the south central portal is justified by a Castilian tradition of decorating the cathedral entrance near the bishop’s palace with ecclesiological discourses; and Bishop Martín Fernández’s great expectations can be shown in the commemoration of the bethrothat of the Castilian heir Fernando de la Cerda and the French Princess doña Blanca in the south western portal’s sculpted decoration. As for the Western entrance, the baptismal imagery displayed in the northern access is related to the parish function of the chapel in the ground floor of the northern tower; and the scatological discourses in the Last Judgement and the Coronation of the Virgin portals adequate to the medieval use of the parvis as  a cemetery, and they are discussed in the frame of mid-thirteenth century theological controversies on the resurrection of the body that help to recognize a Franciscan bias not only in León but also in the “diplomatic” portal of La Coronería in Burgos. Finally, the different stylistic trends that converge in León are examined as sculpted counterparts of vernacular pastoral rhetorical devices: the more “narrative styles” of the portal of San Froilán and Saint John as opposed to the “expressionistic naturalism” of the last Judgement and Apocalyptic portals.

Recuperando una rica tradición de libros de viajes escritos por mujeres, Mónica Szurmuk nos muestra una dimensión insospechada de la construcción de la identidad nacional argentina. Este brillante estudio de relatos de viajeras argentinas y de mujeres extranjeras en Argentina entre 1837 y 1930 revela cómo ellas, al enfocarse en los aspectos de la experiencia viajera relacionados con su papel femenino, la vida doméstica, la maternidad, la enseñanza, introdujeron importantes matices en la imagen de la argentinidad. Al salir de casa, de lo familiar, para encontrarse con lo ajeno, estas mujeres tuvieron que modificar las ideas recibidas de identidad y otredad, pero lo hicieron sin apartarse de lo que sus lectores esperaban de una escritora de su clase y raza. Especialmente sugestivo en este sentido es el análisis de la descripción del paisaje como el escenario de la construcción del sujeto autorial en su encuentro con lo otro. De igual manera reveladoras son las reflexiones de Szurmuk acerca del ambiguo significado de las fronteras de todo tipo para las mujeres que escribieron acerca de sus viajes. Este libro ofrece además importantes planteamientos acerca de la interacción de las diferencias de raza, género, clase y etnia en la formación de las ideas dominantes de la nación argentina.

I denne boken tar Audun Kjus oss til 1200-tallet og til innføringen
av dødsstraff og strafferett i Norge. Boken handler om lovgivning,
henrettelsesmåter og kongelig benådning. Samtidig får vi
et innblikk i middelalderens ideologi og forestillingsverden.
Originaltekster og sentrale illustrasjoner bidrar til å levendegjøre
denne delen av norsk historie.

Abordamos algunas de las relaciones entabladas por las aragonesas y aragoneses bajomedievales con sus vivos, sus muertos, sus intercesores más apreciados e incluso con la divinidad en los diversos momentos que engloban lo que Alejo de Venegas denominó en el siglo XVI como "tránsito de la muerte". Analizamos aquellos elementos que pudieron condicionar los comportamientos y las respuestas sociabilizadoras que la muerte generó en el Aragón bajomedieval: la pertenencia a un determinado grupo socioeconómico, la condición de hombre o mujer, de clérigo o laico, el marco urbano o rural donde se vive o la incidencia de la legislación a la hora de canalizar prácticas de bien morir y manifestaciones públicas de duelo y acompañamiento.
La separación del cuerpo social después de la muerte no significa que el difunto sea abandonado por los vivos. Tanto en lo físico como en lo espiritual sigue formando parte del mundo de los vivos. Porque es el mundo de los vivos, el espacio de los vivos, las relaciones sociales de los vivos, los criterios de organización de los vivos y,en definitiva, los comportamientos, acciones y creencias de los vivos los que dan forma al amplio y diverso entramado de relaciones, solidaridades y sociabilidades que entra en funcionamiento ante el hecho biológico de la muerte.""

L’intento di questo lavoro è presentare un quadro che sia il più completo possibile nell’analizzare il percorso dell’Unione delle Repubbliche Socialiste Sovietiche dalla sua nascita, nel 1922, fino al suo crollo, nel 1991 e, successivamente, la delicata fase di transizione russa dal comunismo all’economia di mercato, cercando di mettere in luce i problemi incontrati dal Paese nell’instaurare la democrazia. L'ultima parte analizza la figura della Banca Europea per la Ricostruzione e lo Sviluppo ed il suo ruolo specifico nella delicata fase di transizione economica della Russia.

Monarchia della verità indaga una componente ideologica fondamentale della Controriforma: l’ossessione ecclesiastica per la 'veritas', concepita nella versione dogmatica di 'doctrina' e ortodossia in opposizione alla formulazione umanistica della 'veritas' come ricerca. Da Poggio Bracciolini a Montaigne, gli umanisti esprimono un concetto di 'religio' coincidente con la ricerca stessa della verità, rinunciando a definizioni esclusive o dogmatiche e astenendosi da difese di carattere polemico o controversistico. I teologi adottano invece il concetto dogmatico di 'doctrina', identificando la 'veritas' nell’ortodossia e favorendo il formarsi di un clima di oscurantismo clericale e di generale intolleranza nei confronti dell’autonomia umanistica, dell’individualismo religioso e del libero pensiero, con Valla, Erasmo e Machiavelli in testa.
In questo libro l’autore prende in esame il primato normativo della verità nella Chiesa del Cinquecento e del primo Seicento con lo scopo di illustrare modelli culturali e pedagogici della Controriforma e rilevarne i miti: cronotassi pontificia, agiografia e culto delle reliquie, concetto eroico del documento, didattica figurativa, giurisdizione curiale, temporalismo papale. Tuttavia, la sopravvivenza della tradizione umanistica e il suo confrontarsi dialetticamente con le culture dogmatiche di Riforma e Controriforma si evidenziano in momenti significativi della storia culturale e religiosa della prima età moderna: in particolare, nel dibattito europeo 'de puniendis haereticis' originato dal tragico rogo di Michele Serveto, nel ricorso all’elemento storico in sede di polemica confessionale, nei processi di Bruno e Galilei e nelle discussioni sulla 'libertas investigandi', nel nicodemismo di artisti, scienziati e anticlericali cristiani, infine nella ripresa – specialmente in Olanda e nelle aree della diaspora sociniana – del pacifismo erasmiano e dell’utopismo di Thomas More, associati alla critica del Valla e all’irenismo di Sebastiano Castellione. Un esempio insigne è la proposta irenica di Jakob Arminius, calvinista di cultura umanistica, formulata a Leida nel 1605 con l’intento di superare i contrasti tra cristiani e realizzare la pacificazione sociale e religiosa.

This paper explores the importance of Kendrick Lamar in the entertainment industry, in hip-hop and in American History. The essence of this paper explores his celebrity black body in relation to history, identity and his contribution to rich black historical archives on the black experience. At large, this paper examines his performance in his DNA music video, to see how his lived body, equipped with its historical DNA, informs our modern perception of the black body.

This paper, written from a feminist perspective, seeks to understand the oppressed black body in popular culture to see how public figures like Kendrick Lamar are reclaiming their history. By creating a rich archive of soulful music and meaningful videos, Kendrick is mainstreaming the black reality in a time where the African-American body is at a political crossroads.

Kendrick Lamar is writing history with his embodied performances and his profound written reflections and ensuring that future generations have a reference point in understanding, participating with and learning from their collective history.

Çalışmamızda XVIII. Yüzyılın ilk yarısında Rus Edebiyatı’nda Klasizm’in yerleşmesini sağlayan Fenerli A.D. Kantemir'in yaşamı ve çalışmaları ele alınmıştır.  Yazarın edebiyat alanındaki yolculuğunun başlangıcı yeni Avrupaî akımının gelişmesiyle özdeşleşmektedir. Bu yaklaşımın temelinde, antik şairlerin eserlerinde ortaya çıkan alaycı ibretli satirelerin Avrupa Edebiyatı’nda satirik şiir türü olarak yer edinen bu yeni edebiyat biçimini A. Kantemir’in Rusya’ya aktarmış olmasıdır.  Antioh 1708 yılında soylu bir ailede doğmuştur. Baba, Dimitri Kantemir: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu sınırları içinde yer alan, Moldova Eyaleti hükümdarıdır. Bu nedenle Antioh ilk yıllarını İstanbul, Fener semtinde geçirir. 1711 yılında, Rusya için başarısızlıkla sonuçlanan Prut Savaşı sonrasında, Baba D. Kantemir’in ihanetinden dolayı aile Rusya’ya sığınmak zorunda kalır. Osmanlı, Rusya ve Polonya tarihinde önemli olayların akışını belirleyen, tanınmış bir aileden gelen Antioh Kantemir, 1732 yılında Rusya’nın Londra Büyükelçisi olarak görevlendirilir. Bu tarihten itibaren Kantemir yaşamının sonuna kadar, 12 yıl boyunca diplomatik görevinde bulunmuştur. Amacımız, A. Kantemir’in edebiyat ve diplomasi alanındaki başarılarını etkileyen koşulları ortaya çıkarmaktır. 
Статья посвящена истокам классицизма в русской литературе в первой половине XVIII века и основоположнику этого направления А. Д. Кантемиру. Начало творческого пути писателя пришлось на те годы, когда только закладывались первые основы этого нового европейското течения. Новаторство Кантемира проявилось в том, что он первый перенес на русскую почву возникший в античной литературе и оттуда усвоенный литературами Западной Европы жанр стихотворной сатиры. Антиох родился в 1708 году, в княжеской семье, его отец, Дмитрий Кантемир, был правителем Молдавского княжества при Османской империи. Он провел первые годы жизни в Стамбульском районе Фенер, а весной 1711 года после неудачного для России Прутского похода, семья переехала в Россию. Принадлежавший к знатной семье, представители, которой сыграли немаловажную роль в развитие исторических событий России, Турции и Польши, А. Кантемир был назначен на пост русского дипломатического представителя в Лондоне в 1732 году. Начавшаяся с этого времени дипломатическая служба Кантемира продолжалась свыше 12 лет до конца его жизни.