Embedded Systems

As smart phones, tablets and many other portable devices are getting closer and closer to the humankind, many technologies are being released day by day. Among them, security has been one major aspect where much research has been done. Though modern vehicle security systems have been developed, there are certain limitations which are experienced in the practical usage of such applications. We realized that though many such systems were available, not many had the capability of providing a video feed via an IP along with triggering an alarm and so forth using a mobile device. The present systems in the market are quite expensive and use too advanced technologies which require specialist installation and maintenance. Mobile integration is also not as optimized as it should be. Therefore our main goal in this research was to “integrate” all these features and build a coherent mobile car security system with a centralized administration. The basic underlying idea of this project therefore is to provide a “practical” and a “cost effective” car security system to the general public. In this project, we provide a camera feed (via IP) of the vehicle to the vehicle owner to his / her mobile device and then enable the user to control the system remotely. It also can detect any human activity, using the switches and report it to the owner via an auto generated sms notification. We have used a web camera which is connected to a Raspberry Pi chipset and powered using a power bank, switches, LED bulbs, 2 speakers and a Wi-Fi adaptor to build the system. When someone tends to open the door lock of the vehicle, a switch which is situated under the door lock of the vehicle, will trigger giving a signal to activate the chipset and send a sms notification to the owner. Then the owner can get an instant view of the situation (on his mobile), and if he wishes to, he can take necessary steps to protect his vehicle from any danger. We have tested the implementation under lab conditions and the results have been quite satisfactory. We were able to achieve the main goals which we wanted to achieve. However it needs to be noted that if this is to be implemented commercially we would have to develop our system to use “port forwarding” (so that the owner may view the video from anywhere in the world), and a city-wide Wi-Fi network or a high-bandwidth data connection would be necessary (HSDPA / WCDMA) for the system to work smoothly.

— In the last few years exploitation of underwater gas and oil fields have increased. The produced oil and gas is transported mainly using pipelines which need to be inspected regularly. Submarine communication cables are laid on the sea floor for data communication across stretches of ocean. Due to earthquakes and other environmental changes these underwater cables and pipelines can get wear or get damaged. These damages need to be found and repaired quickly. Also the state of the pipelines and cables need to be constantly monitored. Currently inspection of underwater pipelines are done using Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) which require human intervention. But this method is very risky. A more practical solution is to develop an intelligent vision based navigation and guidance system which involves efficient method for vision based target detection and tracking methods in underwater environment. AUVs used for survey missions in an underwater environment requires advanced precision navigation systems. Navigation usually requires high speed and high accuracy computation. Navigation is done through different techniques of which vision based navigation is the cheapest as it requires only a single camera. This paper presents a review on various AUV navigation techniques which uses vision sensor or any combination of vision sensor with any other sensor for navigation over the last decade.

Public security and environment safety is a big issue in the present day. Smoke, fire, vibration, gas, and temperature can cause too many issues and causes accidents at home and industrial areas. To decrease chances of such accidents it is essential to take necessary steps such like entertain security based projects. GSM based smart safety system is a solution to such necessary problems. It provides the fool proof security to industries and homes. The system consists of Alarming system, smart SMS alert and e-mailing on need. The system observes the environment using sensors for smoke, gas, flame, vibration and temperature and in case any problem it alert the related person. The system uses the arduino UNO as micro-controller and sensor used for smoke is MQ-2, gas MQ-5, flame five channel, temperature DS18B20 1 and for vibration is 801S. The system acquire data using sensors and then transmit to arduino. Arduino further transmit data to the c# based application which make email and a GSM module is used which send SMS to the relevant person. The alarm device is added to alarm.

In this paper we propose to develop a device that can be used by the visually challenged to read normal English books. Here we focus on letter-by-letter segmentation, recognition and transliteration to the Braille format. The device would use on board software to do the recognition and conversion. The recognized characters are transmitted to the interface which converts the characters to the Braille format which can be felt-read by the visually challenged. The device would be cheaper among its counterparts.

Task intensive electronic control units (ECUs) in automotive domain, equipped with multicore processors , real time operating systems (RTOSs) and various application software, should perform efficiently and time deterministically. The parallel computational capability offered by this multicore hardware can only be exploited and utilized if the ECU application software is parallelized. Having provided with such parallelized software, the real time operating system scheduler component should schedule the time critical tasks so that, all the computational cores are utilized to a greater extent and the safety critical deadlines are met. As original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are always motivated towards adding more sophisticated features to the existing ECUs, a large number of task sets can be effectively scheduled for execution within the bounded time limits. In this paper, a hybrid scheduling algorithm has been proposed, that meticulously calculates the running slack of every task and estimates the probability of meeting deadline either being in the same partitioned queue or by migrating to another. This algorithm was run and tested using a scheduling simulator with different real time task models of periodic tasks. This algorithm was also compared with the existing static priority scheduler, which is suggested by Automotive Open Systems Architecture (AUTOSAR). The performance parameters considered here are, the % of core utilization, average response time and task deadline missing rate. It has been verified that, this proposed algorithm has considerable improvements over the existing partitioned static priority scheduler based on each performance parameter mentioned above.

We propose a design flow for low-power and low-cost, data-dominated, embedded systems which tightly integrate different technologies and architectures. We use Math- works’ Simulink c environment,for functional specification and analysis of performance,criteria such as timing (latency and throughput) and power,dissipation. The flow can exploit trade-offs between,software and hardware,as well as between digital and analog implemen- tations, and it can

La compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) est l'aptitude d'un appareil ou d'un système électrique, ou électronique, à fonctionner dans son environnement électromagnétique de façon satisfaisante, sans produire lui-même des perturbations électromagnétiques intolérables pour tout ce qui se trouve dans cet environnement. Une bonne compatibilité électromagnétique décrit un état de « bon voisinage électromagnétique » .

Multicore embedded systems introduce new opportunities and challenges. Scaling of computational power is one of the main reasons for a transition to a multicore environment. Parallel design patterns, such as Map Reduce, Task Graph, Thread Pool, Task Parallelism assist to derive a parallel approach for calculating the Fast Fourier Transform. By combining these design patterns, a robust application can be obtained. The key issues for concurrent calculation of a Fast Fourier Transform are determined at a higher level avoiding low-level patch-ups.

Knowing rainforest environments is rendered challenging by distance, vegetation intensity, and coverage; however, knowing the complexity and sustainability of these landscapes is important for ecologists and conservationists. The airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system has made dramatic improvements to forest data collection and management especially on the forest inventory aspect. LiDAR can reliably calculate tree-level characteristics such as crown scale and tree height as well as derived measures such as breast height diameter (DBH). To do this, an exact tree extraction method is needed inside LiDAR data. Within LiDAR data, tree extraction often starts by locating the treetops via local maxima (LM). Wide-ranging efforts have been developed to extract individual trees from LiDAR data by starting to localize treetops through LM within LiDAR data. Throughout this research, a demonstration of a new tree extraction framework inside LiDAR Point Cloud by incorporating a new tree extraction method using the bounding-box coordinates provided by deep learning-based object detection. Tree extraction inside the LiDAR point cloud using the bounding-box coordinates was successful and feasible.

Examination plays a vital role in education system. The exam is a real test  of student’s capability,  preparedness, eligibility and his skills during pressure situation. In past years there  have  been  many  exam  paper  leakage  scandals  which spoiled  the immense hard  work  of  students in  their  subjects. An interfaced IOT based system inserted on metallic briefcase sent by exam controller to exam-in charge could enhance the security to exam papers. The IOT system consists of electronic switch,  which  on  pressing  will  give  internal  power  to briefcase.  Android  application  will  interlink  exam-in  charge and  exam  controller  for  enhanced  security.  The  exam controller  and  exam-in  charge  will  exchange  the  predefined security code of briefcase on Android application. The system will  use  MSPEXPF5529LP  TI  microcontroller  for  sending message and matching security code through  string matching function. Hence, devised system will enhance the standard of security  and  will  contribute  in  avoiding  paper  leakage scandals.  It  will also  minimize  the cost  of  conduct  of  exam, reduce the burden of authorities. This IOT based system could be implemented in exams which involve physical distribution of    papers    like    government    common    entrance    exams, competitive exams, board  exams where printed  papers are to be required

Research and development in the field of congestion control in computer networks is involving machine learning. However, the training process can be expensive and complicated because of the need for a pre-existing computer network with which to grade the success of an algorithm. Network simulators such as ns-2 and ns-3 also may not help because they are not real-time simulators. This paper proposes to capture the pattern of data that the neural network is identifying and the embedded system records. The interpolated data with similar patterns are generated and presented to the neural network to test if the trigger has been successfully identified. For the purposes of this paper, the data is a record of delays in multiple TCP packets.

This paper describes the development and validation of an Embedded Isolated Word Recognition System (IWR) for the Argentinian Spanish language, implemented on the STM32F4-Discovery platform. Its front-end extracts Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), while its classification step is based on the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm. Since the system was conceived as a base platform for the research and development of speech-based command and control applications, it was designed to be modular and to meet real-time performance. The system includes a Real Time Operating System (RTOS) to manage various processing and control tasks, which can be easily reconfigured with different acquisition, processing and recognition parameters using a single file. The validation was done using a scenario of robotic control, achieving performance rates which demonstrates the practical usefulness of the system.

One of the prominent transport system in Bangladesh is rivers and
seas. Vessel overloading is found in Bangladesh as the main cause
of accidents on the rivers and seas. Therefore, there must be a role
to play in ensuring passenger safety on the vessels. In Bangladesh,
the researchers are more focusing on the data collection related to
vessel overloading and sinking. However, there is a need to overcome vessel overloading. This paper design and develop an embedded automated system which able to identify overweight and detect the location of a vessel. The proposed system segregated into three modules such as, the Location Detection Module (LDM) always tracks the current location of the vessel for monitoring; the Overweight Detection Module (ODM) measure the exceed water level of the vessel to identify the overweight issue; the Notification Module (NM) is responsible for generating message service (SMS) to notify nearby coast guard to stop the vessel. The result shows the successful overweight detection, location tracking, and instant notification send up-to-the-10
seconds. It can be noted that our proposed prototype can be embedded with any type of vessels including passenger vessel, general cargo vessel, etc.

Organizational factors have long been suspected to have the greatest influence on individual and group behavior in the workplace, although there is little research on their influence in mining workplaces. In addition, there is little research on the influence of organizational factors on residual risk management in the mining industry. Consequently, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is needed in order to explore and understand this gap. This paper is a protocol developed using guidance from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 to update a previous systematic review on a similar topic. The SLR protocol provides information related to the three sections (Administrative Information, Introduction and Methods) suggested by the PRISMA-P 2015. Eligibility criteria is divided into inclusion and exclusion criteria, which also provides the scope of the review. The search strategy will involve identifying studies published between 1...