Energy Consumption

The objective of this study is to provide a good "benchmark" case in juice fruit production plants for comparing their performance in terms of energy consumption and final product "yield". In particular, the industrial step-by-step processes performed for the production of natural fresh orange juice, fruit juices and purees will be dissected, also referring to the operations. By exploiting the Value Stream Mapping (VSM) methodology, we report general energy consumptions due to the main production processes and highlight the most energy-intensive ones, in order to provide a base for the selection of useful and reasonable key performance indicators. Furthermore, we include some sectorial KPIs that have been extracted from the literature.

City transformations are also due to the development of new energy sources, which have influenced economy and lifestyles, as well as the physical and functional organization of urban systems. Cities are the key place where it is need to act for the achievement of strategic environmental objectives, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions and energy saving. The hard resolution of these challenges depends on several factors: their multidimensional nature, the change of the economic and settlement development model, and also the complexity of the relationships between the elements that constitute the urban systems and that affect energy consumption. According to this awareness the Project Smart Energy Master for the energy management of territory financed by PON 04A2_00120 R & C Axis II, from 2012 to 2015 has been developed: it is aimed at supporting local authorities in the development of strategies for the reduction of energy consumption through actions designed to change behavior ...

Energy consumption model of peeling process is required to optimise main influenced factors as well as to limit peeling waste and consumed energy. Mechanical peeling process using an abrasive-cutter brush which applies both abrasive a nd cutting forces was modeled. Choosing the input and output variables which would be industria lly applicable was attempted. Three variables, namely, angular velocities of abrasive-c utter brush ( ωp), the degree of unevenness of produce surface ( φ), and the shape of the abrasive-cutter brush ( λ), were chosen as independent variables and the peel losses per unit time were ch osen as the output of the model. The developed model was verified using the experimental results o f peeling by abrasive-cutter brush for two varieties of pumpkin named Jarrahdale and Jap. The results showed correlation coefficients between predicted and experimental values of the Ja p (0.98) and Jarrahdale (0.96) were statistically significant. It is concluded that the relation...

The proliferation of wireless broadband usage over the last decade has led to the development and deployment of multiple broadband wireless radio access technologies (RATs) such as EVDO, WiMAX, HSPA and LTE. To support the ever-increasing wireless traffic demand, researchers have worked on the concept of an integrated heterogeneous wireless environment that encompasses several of these RATs which makes the resource allocation process more efficient by assigning each user in the system to the best RAT/RATs. In this paper, for such an integrated heterogeneous wireless system, we show the possible gains in spectral efficiency at the cost of increased energy consumption for an unbalanced heterogeneous wireless network deployment scenario. In prior work, based on the assumption that all cellular operators under study were equally well-provisioned, we showed an increase in spectral efficiency of up to 75%. In the research presented in this paper, we assume the coverage of each operator might differ significantly in a given area. With this `unbalanced' scenario, we show that an ideal, centralized allocation strategy provides an almost linear tradeoff between gain in spectral efficiency (554%) and worst-case increase in energy consumption (615%) for users supporting elastic traffic.

Abstract. The paper presents an overview of public lighting energy consumption of (road and urban lighting) in Slovenian municipalities between 2007 and 2011. It discusses significant improvements in the quality of public lighting resulting from the increasing awareness of the importance of public lighting and technological possibilities available on the lighting market. Three case studies of recent lighting renovations in Slovenian municipalities are analysed to enable assessment of energy consumption reduction one can expect from increasing efficiency of lighting installations.

Ulaşım türlerinin gelişimi ve mekansal yapıların gelişimi sürekli birbirleriyle ve nüfus ile etkileşim halindedir. Bu faktörleri şekillendiren faktörler, farklı coğrafyalara bağlı olarak farklılıklar göstermektedirler. Bu çalışmada, Ankara örneğinde, ulaşım türlerinin enerji tüketimlerine ...

Since machine tools are used extensively throughout their functional life and consequently consuming valuable natural resources and emitting harmful pollutants during this time, this study reviews strategies for characterizing and reducing the energy consumption of milling machine tools during their use. The power demanded by a micromachining center while cutting low carbon steel under varied material removal rates was measured to model the specific energy of the machine tool. Thereafter the power demanded was studied for cutting aluminum and polycarbonate work pieces for the purpose of comparing the difference in cutting power demand relative to that of steel.

We present a model of energy consumption in IP networks. Using this model, we identify energy ldquohotspotsrdquo and estimate how energy consumption will grow with increasing network capacity. Todaypsilas Internet uses less than 1% of the available electricity supply. However, network energy consumption could grow substantially as access rates increase.

Cloud computing relies on the collection and distribution of services from internet-based data centers. With the large resource pool available in internet wide range of users are accessing the cloud. Load balance is important feature involving resource allocation to prevent overloading of any system or optimal use of resources. Major load in cloud network are concerned with CPU, memory and network. This cloud computing aspect has not yet earned too much coverage. Although load balancing is an important feature for cloud computing, concurrent computing etc. In these areas, several algorithms were suggested to solve load balance problem. However, it does recommend very few cloud computing algorithms. Given that cloud storage differs considerably from all other environments, particular load balancing algorithm should will built in sort to serve its needs. This work proposes novel load-balancing algorithm based on artificial bee colony algorithm and load balancing min-min scheduling algorithm for balancing load in cloud computing network. Simulation here is carried out in clouds to generate comparative results. Improving on various parameters like power consumption, resource utilization, stability of system are some major areas focused on. This work has used algorithm that has the best efficiency of resources, optimal performance, minimal response time, scalability and durability in integrated resource planning.

The enclosed lift lobby distinguishes itself as a unique form of region categorised under building transitional spaces. This paper reports on an evaluation of thermal comfort conditions in a prominent transitional space in buildings which is the enclosed lift lobby of an educational institution in Malaysia, using field survey which included objective measurement and subjective assessment. The temperature set-point of air conditioner was increased and maintained at 26°C to investigate the human thermal perceptions in the enclosed region. Comparison was made on the percentage of thermal sensation, preference, acceptability and general comfort votes obtained from field survey. The outcomes clearly indicated that the human thermal perception in the enclosed lift lobby would be directly proportional to the level of human occupancy, and any sudden temperature change could lead to thermal discomfort of occupants. The respondents generally preferred to have cooler environment, rather than w...