History of architecture

The Seagram Building in Manhattan (1954-58), by Ludwig Mies van der
Rohe and Philip Johnson, is one of those rare pieces of architecture
which has come to define an era. For Mies van der Rohe the achievement of the Seagram Building was the resolution of years of theoretical and exacting architectural investigation.
The influence of the Seagram Building stretches beyond that of a single work of a modernist master, however. Its significance is also felt in the way it changed planning legislation and became associated with the fragmentation of the urban realm, through the spread of the generic modernist combination of tower, plaza and artwork.

Longarone and Venzone are two towns that were reconstructed completely. Their destruction originated from two disastrous events: Longarone
disappeared because of the Vajont catastrophe of 9th October 1963, while Venzone was razed to the ground during the 1976 Friuli earthquake. Their locations were similar: indeed, both towns had been built in a river valley,
where several roads met, al the feet of very steep mountains; both were strategic for the nearby villages.
The years immediately preceding their destruction had been characterised by two different ideas of development and urban planning, with Longarone focused on economic recovery and Venzone on cultural growth. It is therefore difficult to compare the results of the reconstruction of these two towns, given the differences in their history. Longarone was founded anew on the basis of an urban plan inspired by the “most modern urban planning concepts”. Venzone, on the other hand, retained the same structure and the same buildings, having been rebuilt as was and where was by popular request.

Early modern Amsterdam was an ultra-modern city, laid out conforming to the triple demand of functionality, beauty and profit; a city that takes a unique place in European urban history because of its location, design, and impressive scale. 'Metropolis in the Making' tells the story of Amsterdam becoming one of the largest cities in Europe in the seventeenth century. Amsterdam was one of the cradles of capitalism, but at the same time one of the most meticulously planned cities in the world.
After the Fall of Antwerp in 1585, Amsterdam took over its position as the main trade hub in northwestern Europe. The city grew rapidly to become the central harbour town – and one of the largest European cities. The boom in harbours and industry went hand in hand with an explosive population growth. This resulted in two huge city extensions in 1613 and 1663, multiplying the territory of Amsterdam by five. Around the old town, the now famous ring of canals was constructed. Beyond this residential zone mixed-use and industrial districts were laid out, with a series of harbour islands along the borders of the IJ. This book deals with the question how Amsterdam’s administration managed to realize these immense projects from the viewpoints of urban design, infrastructure, logistics, and finance.
The first part of this book is dedicated to the extension projects. A thorough analysis of all remaining administrative archives and a great many cartographic documents has enabled the author to reconstruct the decision process about the scale, design, and realization of the extensions. The second part contains chapters concerning land use, public space and water management. 'Metropolis in the Making' tells the story of one of the cradles of early modern capitalism and at the same time one of the most meticulously planned cities in the world.

This book investigates the architectural, product design, and urban typology of the capsule which, beginning in the 1960s, broadened the concept of the basic building blocks of architecture to include a minimal living unit, called the "capsule." Here it is presented with regard to the continuity of the development of the Modern Movement, its revisionist criticism, pioneering examples, as well as contemporary examples and uses. The typology of the capsule allows us to consider this theme in terms of the architecture of resistance, with the potential to search for an "other" architecture that is embedded in our contemporaneity (manifested in small dwellings, composite structures, and container units; shelters and mobile homes in nature and the urban environment; technology transfer in high-tech designs; devices, additions, and extensions, etc.). The concept of the capsule as a building element of architecture, as well as a spatial element, can therefore be regarded as having a generative potential for an architecture of personal space for the individual, forcing us to reflect on our existing living and dwelling conditions.

https://www.routledge.com/Capsules-Typology-of-Other-Architecture/Senk/p/book/9781138280359

PDF PREVIEW
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315272177

The Gold Coast is Australia’s most rapidly changing city – regularly compared to Miami and Las Vegas for its embrace of bad taste and the good life; and with Dubai for its sudden moments of high-rise assuredness and seeming lack of restraint in either the ambitions of building or their manifestations.
Beautifully illustrated throughout, this book offers the first comprehensive history of the city and its architecture, documenting its rise from a series of seaside villages in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to the present-day city, set to host the 2018 Commonwealth Games. Considering city plans, architectural works, landscape formations and modes of inhabitation over the time in which the Gold Coast has been peopled, it considers the role of architecture in carrying the city forward. Its main focus is on the contemporary city and the conditions that have given rise to its character - high rise, bad taste and skewed towards the beach edge.

Il saggio è dedicato alla "lettura" dell'architettura nell'Adorazione dei Magi di Leonardo, dai disegni al dipinto,  secondo una impostazione specifica della Storia dell'architettura e alla luce delle nuove conoscenze emerse dal restauro dell'OPD. La riflessione sul ruolo dell'architettura nell'elaborazione della composizione può contribuire alla decifrazione dell'iconografia dell'opera.

RESUMEN El lector tiene en sus manos una pequeña colección de textos académicos que intentan combinar el rigor científico con el interés de un artículo de divulgación. Todos ellos han sido publicados recientemente en journals o en actas de congresos especializados, o al menos, están en proceso de edición. Su hilo conductor es la arquitectura religiosa contemporánea.
La palabra «Precisiones» que encabeza el título tiene un evidente sabor lecorbusieriano, pero también latinoamericano. Si los textos de la primera mitad del libro giran en torno a diversos aspectos de la obra de Jeanneret —la dimensión cosmológica de la arquitectura, su fascinación por el ocultismo, Ronchamp y su influencia posterior—, los últimos reflejan el giro vital que en los últimos tiempos me ha llevado a visitar diversos países de Latinoamérica y a interesarme por sus arquitecturas y sus arquitectos.
Existe un esfuerzo por precisar los episodios que más han influido en la construcción de una idea de templo durante el siglo XX, manteniendo el foco del discurso centrado en el ámbito católico.
Pretendo así superar los análisis que reducen la arquitectura religiosa a ingeniosas soluciones formales, destinadas a conseguir un difuso ambiente espiritual. La realidad suele ser más rica y más compleja, y con frecuencia, el aspecto final de una iglesia tiene mucho más que ver con las condiciones programáticas y socioculturales que rodean a una comunidad que con decisiones estrictamente plásticas.
El libro se abre y se cierra con dos entrevistas en las que de una manera relajada —aunque no por ello menos precisa—, intento responder a los problemas que cualquier lector interesado en la arquitectura religiosa contemporánea se podría plantear, a la vez que se dejan en el aire nuevos interrogantes que acaso conduzcan a posteriores investigaciones.

SUMMARY The reader has in his hands a small collection of academic texts that attempt to combine scientific rigor with the interest of a dissemination article. All of them have been published recently in journals or in specialized conference proceedings, or at least they are in the process of being edited. Its common thread is contemporary religious architecture.
The word "Precisiones" that heads the title has an evident Lecorbusierian flavor, but also Latin American. If the texts of the first half of the book revolve around various aspects of Jeanneret's work - the cosmological dimension of architecture, his fascination with the occult, Ronchamp and its subsequent influence - the latter reflect the vital turn that in the recent times has taken me to visit various Latin American countries and to be interested in his architectures and architects.
There is an effort to specify the episodes that have most influenced the construction of a temple idea during the 20th century, keeping the focus of the discourse centered on the Catholic sphere.
I intend to overcome the analyzes that reduce religious architecture to ingenious formal solutions, destined to achieve a diffuse spiritual environment. Reality is usually richer and more complex, and often, the final aspect of a church has much more to do with the programmatic and sociocultural conditions that surround a community than with strictly plastic decisions.
The book opens and closes with two interviews in which in a relaxed - although not less precise - way, I try to answer the problems that any reader interested in contemporary religious architecture could pose, while leaving in the air new questions that may lead to further investigations.

Lo studio proposto è il frutto dell'attività di ricerca svolta presso il Dipartimento di Architettura dell'Università di Chieti-Pescara in merito alle relazioni fra fiume Aterno e architetture civili, religiose e fortificate presenti nella conca valliva. In questa circostanza sono state raccolte numerose informazioni d'archivio riguardanti le tipologie delle fortificazioni a controllo della vallata e nello specifico le torri d'avvistamento. Il saggio si propone di mettere in evidenza, attraverso mappe storiche, le interazioni visive e di percorsi fra i siti fortificati, la vallata e il fiume e di analizzare nello specifico le tipologie insediative ossidionali comparandole ad altri esempi coevi presenti in territori con connotazioni geomorfologiche simili. L'influenza tipologica che si riscontra sulle architetture fortificate della valle dell'Aterno deriva in massima parte dal Regno di Napoli a cui era soggetto il territorio ma richiama, in alcuni casi, linguaggi specifici provenienti dallo Stato della Chiesa e dall'Italia settentrionale. Queste strutture, posizionate a quote elevate rispetto al corso del fiume sono composte da cortine murarie in pietra, per lo più con conci squadrati e, in altri casi, murature a sacco. Dal XVI secolo in poi, con l'avvento delle nuove tecniche d'assedio e la codificazione dell'architettura così detta "alla moderna", le torri d'avvistamento isolate, in alcuni casi sono state cinte da muri e cortine creando elementi di controllo stratificati con connotazioni castellane. Il percorso di analisi parte da Popoli e dal castello dei Cantelmo per seguire a ritroso l'andamento del fiume Aterno sino a giungere alla sua sorgente. Lungo l'itinerario si incontrano, fra le altre, le strutture fortificate di: Acciano, Beffi con la sua torre triangolare, Goriano Valli, la torre di Roccapreturo a pianta poligonale, la torre di Fontecchio con il complesso castellano e altre strutture che, catalogate, rappresentano in un areale relativamente circoscritto una casistica tipologica di notevole interesse.

The study aims to analyse the two static models most widely adopted by Bernardo
Antonio Vittone, through the comparison of two churches in Turin: Santa Chiara and San
Leonardo. They are double envelope buildings, with central dome, respectively 10 and 15
meters in diameter, supported by eight pillars and surrounded by a continuous ambulatory.
The static model of Santa Chiara provides the internal pillars that play the main structural role
and cooperative outer envelope: the dome transmits his loads directly to the interior pillars.
The walls and vaults of the lateral chapels have an important role, arranging themselves
around the main dome, like a ring of containment of the horizontal thrusts induced by the
dome itself. Also the choirs, that Vittone places in smaller spaces behind the pillars, play an
important static role: their horizontal structures connect the pillars with the rear wall, which
thus offers its collaboration to contain the horizontal thrusts.
The church of San Leonardo has a reverse operation, with the dome that rests on the
outer walls, while the internal pillars support only a raised gallery.
Through three-dimensional info graphics models, the study shows that the entire
structure is designed as a discretized system, which replaces the traditional structure based
on continuous wall and uniformly distributed loads. The brick vaults are ribbed structure, in
which arches and ribs convey loads on the pillars or in precise high-resistance points of the
external masonry. This feature makes the space open to the light; also reduces the masonry
mass, saving material and reducing construction costs.
The formal representation of structural components agrees with the effective static
operation of buildings: the decoration on the surface of the dome indicates the presence of
ribs. The groins are hollow and open in order to highlight the condition of non-load bearing
element.

In the design process, as within this book, I access and draw on the collective knowledge of architecture in various ways. This book examines and traces the processes of knowledge and transformation that accompany this access. It is divided into two parts, each of which can be read or considered independently of the other: One part takes the form of three essays, each constituting its own chapter; the other consists of plan, section, and elevation drawings of 144 architecture projects elucidated by selected texts. What both sections share is their emphasis of the primacy of form as the core of the discipline of architectural design and of its function as a stage and backdrop for human coexistence. The three essays and the projects grouped around them relate to each other only loosely, yet overlap repeatedly—not only through the numerous projects discussed in the essay and drawing sections, but also in their common search for terminology and an ordering system with which to distinguish the generic from the particular.

THINKING DESIGN

This book arose out of my lectures at the Institute of Design and Building Typology at the Graz University of Technology. I began working on the lectures in 2012, modifying them every year without changing the basic format of drawing on a large number of individual works in order to compose (i.e. give aesthetic and logical direction to) the many possibilities of form and function, and graphically expressing this in such a way as to convey a design intent that can be positioned within the cultural framework of architecture. The focus on this range of ideas and designs selected for the purpose of architectural design teaching also remained a priority in the resulting habilitation thesis (2016) and the German version of this book published in 2018. Derived from a myriad of projects, this selection reveals a continuous presence of the past as the collective and at the same time changing essence of architecture, making it literally tangible and visible for everyday use in design teaching.

Cette communication a eu lieu le 31 mars 2017, dans le cadre du séminaire doctoral d'Alexandre Gady. Elle fut l'occasion de révéler une documentation inédite permettant de porter un nouveau regard sur le projet de place Louis XVI destiné à la cité du Ponant en 1786.

Toward a New Architecture is a manifesto written by Le Corbusier. The manifesto has seven essays under the title of argument. These essays can be listed as the engineer's aesthetic and architecture, three reminders to architecture, regulating lines, eyes which do not see, architecture, mass-production houses and architecture or revolution. Each of them, under an influence from Adolf Loos's ideas; are rejecting eclectism as common idea and heading to functualism.

This is a review of facsimile editions of two architects' sketchbooks, Eduardo Souto de Moura and Wang Shu. One factor in the staying power
of the sketch is its immediacy, another is its physicality. In a world in which we increasingly interact through various technological interfaces, in which architecture is mostly created virtually – before it has to interact with the messy reality of the site – the sketch can be seen as an intimate and individual protest against the prevailing norm. The two sketchbooks, Eduardo Souto de Moura – Sketchbook No. 76, and Wang Shu– Imagining the House, are examples of an architectural process in which hand-drafting still has a place.

The contribution is focused on the Naviglio di Ivrea (Torino), sketched from Leonardo in the sheet 563r of the Atlantic Code. The research in local archives carefully examined the historical and territorial context prevailing at the time of the canal’s construction, that was commissioned by the Savoy family in 1466, and the reason why this work captured Leonardo’s attention. Documents give several information about the craftsmen involved in its construction and about techniques and materials that were used; they also show the importance of the canal both for the economy and the productivity of territories between Ivrea and Vercelli. A rich set of charts and drawings emerged in the study, with many among them that are still unpublished; they are extremely important to properly understand the relationship between the canal and the surrounding territories. Charts and drawings confirm the lasting importance of the canal and its branches through centuries, both for civilian and military purposes; they show progresses in hydraulic engineering and in the solutions adopted to design machineries and tools to control the hydraulic system at a territorial level between the Fifteenth and the Nineteenth century; finally they are a valuable support to analyse the transformations of the territories where the canal is still present and active.

Il contributo presenta il metodo adottato per lo studio dei progetti di chiese a pianta centrale realizzati da Bernardo Antonio Vittone e raffigurati nel suo trattato. Al fine della analisi delle logiche compositive sottese ai singoli edifici, si è affrontato il ridisegno di ogni singola opera, la ricerca dello schema geometrico di base, la modellazione tridimensionale, effettuate sulla base dei disegni del trattato confrontati con le incisioni preparatorie.

The paper presents the method adopted for the study of projects of central plan churches made by Bernardo Antonio Vittone and depicted in his treatise. To analyze the compositional logics underlying each building, it has made the redesign of every single work, has been researched the geometric pattern, was created the three-dimensional infographic models, all made on the basis of the drawings of the Treaty, compared with the preparatory engravings.

© Vydavateľstvo Spolku architektov Slovenska, Bratislava 1993. ISBN 80-900483-6-6 /  © Publishing Association of Architects der Slowakei, Bratislava 1993. ISBN 80-900483-6-6

***
Licenční upozornění: Uveřejnění publikace na tomto profilu je uskutečněno s vědomím a souhlasem Spolku architektov Slovenska; upozorňujeme čtenáře na potřebu respektovat autorská práva, tedy aby dílo užili jen pro vlastní potřebu za účelem studia a dalšího výzkumu. Díky za pochopení! Správci profilu.
***
Licensing notice: Publication of publications on this profile is carried out with the knowledge and consent of the Association of Architects der Slowakei; Readers are cautioned on the need to respect copyright, therefore, to enjoy work only for their own use to study and further research. Thanks for understanding! Manager profile.

Occasionally the archaeological ship reconstructor is fortunate enough to encounter the remains of a vessel on which shipwrights' design marks have been preserved. La Belle (1684) has the most extensive and complete set of such marks documented to date. The distinguishing features of the distribution, number, and placement of La Belle's surmarks associate it with a graphic design system of "geometric fairing with diagonals," which was in use in French shipbuilding in the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Section I of this essay presents the archaeological and documentary evidence that supports the conclusion that a graphic design system of "geometric fairing with diagonals" was used in La Belle's construction. It also discusses how and which specific measurements were applied to the reconstructed design procedures to regenerate La Belle's archaeologically documented hull shape.

Section II examines whether La Belle's design system was a completely new invention or whether it was developed from existing concepts of ship design. It will be argued that this system actually expanded on the basic concepts of Mediterranean moulding—a non-graphic design system of geometric fairing that was in use in European shipbuilding for centuries prior to La Belle's construction—in the process of adapting them to the methods of orthographic drawing.

La figura di Bernardo Antonio Vittone rappresenta una singolarità nel panorama dei protagonisti dell’architettura italiana, per il suo essere sospesa tra permanenze dello spirito barocco e nuove istanze della cultura illuminista.
Di entrambe sono state ricercate le ricadute spaziali ed il modo attraverso cui queste sono state rese partecipi della forma architettonica, nel complesso dell’organismo edilizio e nel particolare delle sue parti costituenti: i complessi sistemi voltati; l’introduzione di elementi di transizione tra la forma dell’invaso e quella della cupola, con l’incessante lavoro sul tema del pennacchio, per offrire direzioni multiple ed inattese allo scorrere dello sguardo e della luce; la continuità degli elementi strutturali che, attraverso la messa in rappresentazione e la sublimazione della ineludibile necessità statica, traduce in forma fisica la rispondenza all’utile ed al funzionale.
All’interno della vasta produzione architettonica di Vittone, si è eletto quale oggetto di analisi il tema della pianta centrale, un tipo dal valore altamente simbolico che ha attraversato verticalmente la storia dell’architettura occidentale, e del quale Vittone esplora tutte le possibilità, in una ricerca che si affina progressivamente e conferisce al tema spaziale nuovi e pregnanti significati, densi di riferimenti alla cultura del suo tempo. I ventuno progetti di chiese presi in esame, tutti raffigurati in uno dei due trattati scritti da Vittone, le Istruzioni Diverse, costituiscono un vero saggio sul tema e scandiscono la struttura del volume, in un percorso che isola le questioni progettuali, analizzandole in successione logica, tipo e spazio polare, leggibilità complessiva e gerarchizzazione tra le parti, interrelazione tra modello formale e modello strutturale, per tornare al tema del progetto e del processo ideativo dello spazio centrale ed estrapolarne i principi formali universalmente validi.

L'inventario dei libri ritrovati alla morte di Bernardo Antonio Vittone nella sua abitazione torinese è stato pubblicato più di quaranta anni fa da Paolo Portoghesi: non si tratta dunque di un documento inedito. Tuttavia non era ancora stata tentata l'identificazione dei titoli citati, operazione che, pur nella consapevolezza di non potere aspirare a un'esaustiva sistematicità, appare invece fondamentale per far parlare il documento e mettere a fuoco in maniera più puntuale la cultura personale dell'architetto.

The study aims to analyse the two static models most widely adopted by Bernardo Antonio Vittone, through the comparison of two churches in Turin: Santa Chiara and San Leonardo. They are double envelope buildings, with central dome, respectively 10 and 15 meters in diameter, supported by eight pillars and surrounded by a continuous ambulatory. The static model of Santa Chiara provides the internal pillars that play the main structural role and cooperative outer envelope: the dome transmits his loads directly to the interior pillars. The walls and vaults of the lateral chapels have an important role, arranging themselves around the main dome, like a ring of containment of the horizontal thrusts induced by the dome itself. Also the choirs, that Vittone places in smaller spaces behind the pillars, play an important static role: their horizontal structures connect the pillars with the rear wall, which thus offers its collaboration to contain the horizontal thrusts. The church of San Leon...

Integral to the reproductive processes of the biota of several forest, shrub, and grassland biome-types, wildfire ignites some 3,400,000km2 of Earth’s vegetated surface annually. Though a highly complex phenomena coupled with not one, but several Earth systems, human actions are both directly and indirectly changing wildfire frequencies, intensities, severities, and behaviours, and to the detriment of both environment and society. Nowhere is this felt more so than the wildland urban interface, which home to roughly 1/3 of the nation’s populous and 40% of its housing stock, is the fastest-growing land-use type in the conterminous United States. A place where fire-averse architectures meet increasingly fire-prone lands, loss of lives, properties, and livelihoods to a series of wildfire complexes of proportions unprecedented in living memory have rendered there an urgent need to reconsider the challenge of living with wildfire as a vital landscape process. The product of a transdisciplinary study which converged state-of-the-knowledge from fields as diverse as the fire, ecological, and wider Earth sciences; information, communication, computing, and related technologies, both digital and biological; evolutionary, smart and living materials, architectures, and urban systems; philosophy, anthropology, psychology, and policymaking, this thesis presents a new wildland urban interface paradigm modelled on the biochemistries, behaviours, and systems of fire-adapted flora and the fire regimes they form. Migrating biomimetics from the level of species to systems, relying not on generic notions of nature and its workings, nor assumptions more generally, but on rigorous interrogation of the interplay between biotic and abiotic processes from the molecular to landscape to planetary scale, and across both human and geological timescales, several original theoretical and technical architectural and urban concepts are discussed, together with their possible applications and implications both within and beyond the wildland urban interface. Integrating insights from local and global indigenous and ancient fire cultures, the findings conclude that not merely is a reconciliation of human and non-human systems at the interface of fire-prone wild and urban lands possible, but therein resides potent ecological, social, and technical potentialities that merit further research in the years ahead.

Chapter Overview: Transcending the boundaries of space and time, whereas the 5-part case studies series is exclusively focused on recent western U.S. wildfire complexes and the future WUI insights as can be gleaned therefrom, this triangulated case study extends across continents and centuries to discuss parallels between events that have historically been considered as mutually exclusive, therein studied in silos. Traversing transdisciplinary information as relates to both wildland and urban fires, a system of systems approach is employed by means of illuminating how, at the level of biochemistry, physics, and the wider sciences, fire behaviours as are witnessed in wildlands have become manifest in cities past and present, and why the matter thereof it pertinent to architectural and urban design futures. While informing the new WUI paradigm this thesis puts forth, the purpose of this chapter is that of highlighting the wider applicability of the findings of this research programme, and of critiquing construction, and other built environment concepts as evidence vulnerability to fire.

21. yüzyılın hızlı yaşam döngüsü içinde kimi değerler yitirilirken, kimileri yeniden yaşama katılmakta, keşfedilmektedir. Anadolu’nun derin tarihi içinde yeniden keşfedilen değerlerden birisi de “köy” yaşamı olmaktadır. Belki hiç yitirilmemiş olan köy ve köye ilişkin değerler, bugün yeniden anlamlandırılmakta, değer kazanmakta ve sahip olduğu yere kavuşmaktadır. Toplumsal yaşamın dinamikleri içinde kendiliğinden gelişen bu hareketlilik, bilinçli yaklaşımlarla desteklenerek, toplum, kent ve ülke yaşamı için bir kazanım olabilmektedir.

Bu bağlamda, köye ait değerler, planlama ve mimarlık disiplini içinde yeniden yorumlandığında, önemli potansiyeller içerdiği görülmektedir. Küresel dünyanın gelecek nesilleri gözeterek yapılandırdığı sürdürülebilirlik kavramı bu anlamda önemli bir yaşam felsefesi ve kültürünü amaçlamaktadır. Gerek kerpiç malzeme, gerek mekan organizasyonu, gerek kentsel tasarım disiplinleri ve yapı teknolojileri bağlamında, önemli birikimlere sahip olan köylerin, üzerinde çalışılmayı hak eden bir öneme sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Bu noktadan hareket ederek, izleyeceğiniz “köy sergisi”, geleceğe dönük önemli açılımlar içeren bir çalışmanın ilk ayağını oluşturması nedeniyle önemli olmaktadır.

Proje Ekibi  Doç.Dr. Mustafa Özgünler, Doç.Dr. Seden Acun Özgünler, Yard.Doç.Dr. Tolga Sayın, Uzman Ergün Şimşek, Uzman Doğukan Erdoğan, Uzman Şiar Umut Yıldırım, Taybuğa Aybars Mamalı  Çalışmaya Katılan Öğrenciler  Ezgi Polat, Hazel Kazkayası, Ayşegül Özdek, Deniz Kızık, Fırat Kaya, Kadir Yesir, Seda Kireççi, Hülya Şeh, Ayşe Başkonuş, Bekir Emre Ateş, Mehmet Ashi, Ece, Gökçen Köse, Selin Aktürk, Bersu Çelik, Cansu Yılmaz, Gizem Kınsız, Büşra Uysal, Arıkan Özden, Demet Öksüz  MSGSÜ  Yapı Uygulama ve  Araştırma Merkezi, MSGSÜ  Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi