Legal History

Incontro di studio dedicato all'importante figura di Jacques Cujas, di cui ricorre il centenario e di cui tratterà Xavier Prévost, uno dei suoi principali studiosi viventi. Alla presentazione di Cujas, che fu anche docente a Torino seppur brevemente, si associa la discussione di una interessante edizione torinese di Responsa (pareri autorevoli dei principali giuristi) apparsa nel 1589 e voluta probabilmente dallo stesso duca Carlo Emanuele per giustificare la recente annessione del marchesato di Saluzzo. Lo sta studiando e ne tratterà Dante Fedele.

Towns are complicated places. It is therefore not surprising that from the beginnings of urban development, towns and town life have been regulated. Whether the basis of regulation was imposed or agreed, ultimately it was necessary to have a law-based system to ensure that disagreements could be arbitrated upon and rules obeyed. The literature on urban regulation is dispersed about a large number of academic specialisms. However, for the most part, the interest in urban regulation is peripheral to some other core study and, consequently, there are few texts which bring these detailed studies together. This book provides perspectives across the period between the high medieval and the end of the nineteenth century, and across a geographical breadth of European countries from Scandinavia to the southern fringes of the Mediterranean and from Turkey to Portugal. It also looks at the way in which urban regulation was transferred and adapted to the colonial empires of two of those nations.

Table of Contents

1. Building Regulations and Urban Form: An Introduction

[Terry R. Slater and Sandra M.G. Pinto]

2. Islamic Building Regulations: The Fourteenth-Century Tunis Book and its Counterparts

[Mohd Dani Muhamad ]

3. Regulation of Private Building Activity in Medieval Lisbon

[Sandra M.G. Pinto]

4. Policies and Regulations in the Forming of Late-Medieval Trogir (Croatia)

[Ana Plosnić Škarić]

5. Streets and the Commune: Italy in the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance

[David Friedman]

6. Building Regulations and Urban Development in Antwerp and Bruges, 1200-1700

[Heidi Deneweth]

7. Building Regulations and Urban Development in Late Medieval Elburg and Early Modern Amsterdam

[Jaap Evert Abrahamse and Reinout Rutte]

8. Early Modern Building Regulation in England: Midland Towns, 1400–1800

[Terry R. Slater]

9. Beautifying the City and Improving the Streets with Building Permits: Lyons, 1580–1770

[Bernard Gauthiez and Olivier Zeller]

10. Risk, (In)Security, Regulation and Architecture in Nouvelle France

[André Bélanger and Anne Bordeleau]

11. The Politics of Health: Urban Regulation and Planning in the Spanish Colonies During the Eighteenth Century

[Claudia Murray]

12. Regulating the Growth of Dublin, 1750–1850

[Rob Goodbody]

13. The Development of Ottoman Urban Regulations: Istanbul, 1700–1900

[Işıl Çokuğraş and C. İrem Gençer]

14. Construction Regulations in Athens, 1833–1864: Creating a Metropolis

[Dora Monioudi-Gavala]

15. Building Regulations in Livonian Towns and Their Impact on Local Urban Space 1697–1904

[Mart Siilivask]

https://www.routledge.com/Building-Regulations-and-Urban-Form-1200-1900/Slater-Pinto/p/book/9781472485373

The forty-year jubilee of introducing municipal autonomy in accordance with the European Charter of Local Self-Government was celebrated in Austria in 2002. When considering a legal-historical aspect, the municipal autonomy in Austria did not begin forty years ago, but it began much earlier, because the entire development, which certainly commenced prior to the year 1918, should be taken into account. This was the period of the monarchy, to which also the present Republic of Slovenia belonged. The actual beginning of municipal autonomy goes back to the year 1848 and far beyond. In specialised literature, this year is referred to as the beginning of municipal autonomy, however, there are some good reasons to believe that municipal autonomy commenced at the beginning of the 16th century. The years 1848 and 1862 are correct  when referring only to commencements of modern understanding municipal autonomy, because there is a well-known principle of Article 1 of the Temporary Municipal Act from that period, which declares that the free municipality is the basis for the free state.
In view of development, it is possible to talk about the period prior to Joseph II’s legislation (until 1780), which provides borough and town charters and privileges. For Slovenia, the Ptuj Town Charter of 1376 (especially that of the year 1513), and the privilege, concerning Elections for Mayor, granted to Ljubljana in 1504, are two major
landmarks in municipal autonomy. They are followed by the pre-March period and by the period after the year 1848.
Modern municipal autonomy has its roots in the autonomy of individual government office holders. After the year 1848, government was divided into own and delegated competences of the Mayor and municipal councils.
With regard to development, terminologically speaking, the municipality as a legal person (the ideal one) is the body, which takes care of the matters within its own competence (referring to pasture rights, collection of individual contributions, etc.).
According to the above-mentioned information, the municipality, being an institution, has always served the interests of a local community. And to a large extent, the local
community has always autonomously performed its tasks.

Leta 2002 so v Avstriji praznovali štiridesetletnico uvedbe občinske avtonomije skladno z evropsko listino. S pravnozgodovinskega vidika to ni začetek občinske avtonomije v Avstriji, temveč je ta mnogo starejša in je potrebno upoštevati celoten razvoj, ki se gotovo začne pred letom 1918. To je obdobje monarhije, kamor je spadala tudi današnja Republika Slovenija. Dejanski začetek občinske avtonomije sega krepko preko leta 1848, ki v literaturi velja za začetek, in ga je mogoče z vso pravico postaviti v začetek 16. stoletja. Letnici 1848 in 1862 veljata le z vidika začetkov modernega razumevanja občinske avtonomije, saj je iz tega obdobja znano načelo prvega člena začasnega občinskega zakona, ki pravi, da je osnova svobodne države svobodna občina. Razvojno je tako mogoče govoriti o obdobju pred jožefinsko zakonodajo (do leta 1780), kamor je šteti trške in mestne statute in privilegije, kjer sta za Slovenijo Ptujski statut iz leta 1376, predvsem pa iz leta 1513 in privilegij za Ljubljano iz leta 1504 o volitvah župana, reprezentančna mejnika občinske avtonomije; sledi predmarčno obdobje in obdobje po letu 1848. Moderna občinska avtonomija ima svoje korenine v avtonomiji nosilcev posameznih funkcij oblasti in se po letu 1848 deli na lastne in prenesene pristojnosti župana in občinskih svetov. Terminološko gledano razvojno je že pred letom 1848 občina kot pravna oseba (idealna) tisti organ, ki skrbi za zadeve iz lastne pristojnosti (za pašno pravico, pobiranje posameznih prispevkov ipd.). Glede na predstavljeno je občina kot institucija vedno služila interesom lokalne skupnosti in jo je lokalna skupnost tudi v veliki meri avtonomno izvrševala.