Lithium Ion Battery

Effect of Porosity on the Capacity Fade of a Lithium-Ion Battery. [Journal of The Electrochemical Society 151, A1104 (2004)]. Godfrey Sikha, Branko N. Popov, Ralph E. White. Abstract. ... In this model these values are measured from a commercial Sony US 18650 cell. ...

Tubular pipe structures have been used in various applications-domestic, aviation, marine, manufacturing and material testing. The applications of tubular pipes have been considered greatly in the installation of tubular pipes, marine risers and pipe bending. For the investigation of plastic strains and the mechanical behaviour of a tube under bending, considerations were made utilising an exponent model with assumptions on the plane strain. The bending moment, wall thickness effect, cross-sectional distribution, stresses during bending and neutral layer boundaries were all presented as necessary theoretical formulations on the physics of tubular pipe bending. This model was based on the analytical and numerical investigation. In principle, the application can be observed as the spooling of pipes, bending of pipes and reeling. Comparisons were made on two models developed on the finite element analysis in Simscale OpenFEA, namely the linear-elastic and the elasto-plastic models. Thi...

A modified synthesis process was developed based on co-precipitation method followed by spray drying process. In this process, a spherical shaped (Co 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 )(OH) 2 precursor was synthesized by co-precipitation and pre-heated at 500 °C to form a high structural stability ...

A conductivity relaxation experiment has been conducted on an SrFeCo0.5Ox sample by abruptly changing the oxygen partial pressure in the atmosphere and monitoring the change of conductivity as a function of time. The re-equilibrium process obeys Fick's second law. By fitting the relaxation data to the solution of the diffusion equation with appropriate boundary conditions, we could determine the oxygen chemical diffusion coefficient and the activation energy. The oxygen diffusion coefficient is 8.9 × 10−7 cm2/s at 900 °C and it increases with increase in temperature. Measured activation energy is 0.92 eV, which is slightly lower than that of other oxides in the system SrFe1 − xCoxOy.

This work reports the laboratory test results of a Li-ion battery designed for electric scooter applications. Four different modes of heat dissipation were investigated in this experimental study: (1) natural convection cooling; (2) presence of aluminum foam heat transfer matrix; ...

... suggested by Barsoukov et al. [4], they were able to simulate the impedance response of an insertion electrode in a LiB cell by imposing the condition of a small voltage perturbation on the cell over a range of frequencies in MATLAB. ...

The purpose of the project is to fabricate a Personal Transporter (PT).This vehicle is designed to overcome the cost of the actual Segway Vehicle and to provide zero pollution within the campus or industries and this transporter doesn’t use the gyroscope unit and sensors to keep the vehicle in the flat position, Instead this is achieved by the supporting wheels. The project aims at fabricating a vehicle which can reach a maximum speed of 20kmph (can be programmed up to 50kmph) and travel a distance of approximately 8- 10 kms. The time for which the vehicle runs is roughly 2 hours and vary depending on the speed at which the vehicle travels. The torque and power of the motor and are selected from the various configurations available in the market and which satisfies our requirements also. The wheels used are hub motor type wheels in which the motor is situated inside the hub of the wheel at the center. These wheels are not generally available in India and need to be imported. These wheels require less torque and power when compared to motor driving the wheel. The input to the wheel is given through an accelerator and is controlled using an electronic controller. Brakes can be applied to any wheel and turning the vehicle can be done by applying brakes on any of the side required depending on the direction of turn to be taken. For the vehicle to stop completely both the brakes need to be applied.

Modeling and simulation have multiple applications in the automotive industry such as the design of systems or the redesign of existing systems. Currently, automakers are turning to modeling and simulation to speed up the design process and achieve more successful approaches. The main objective of this project is to design the virtual electrochemical lithium battery that has similar properties as real batteries. The properties considered are SOC, OCV, Capacity, Temperature dependence of battery.

While decreasing their cost, lithium-ion batteries began to enter a vast domain for energy storage field, including solar systems and electric vehicles, due to their high energy density compared to other types. Besides, li-ion batteries require a safe and secure ground to reach the best performance and decrease the explosion risk. The safe operation of the battery is based on the main protection features and balancing the cells. This study offers a battery BMS design that protects li-ion batteries from overcharging, over-discharging and overheating. It is also offering passive cell balancing, an uninterrupted power source to load, and monitoring data. The used controller is Arduino mega 2560, which manages all the hardware and software protection features. Software features that include 1) variable charging speed according to the batteries charging status, 2) measuring the batteries state of health and state of charge, 3) controlling the uninterrupted driver, 4) regulating the charg...

Electric mobility contributing to greater extent to balance the energy and power demands, energy storage units as well as environment safety for current automobile sector. Electric vehicle has major efficient features of zero combustion, longer charging and discharging cycle which plays a vital role to replace the ongoing increase in price of petroleum fuels and its harmful effect son environment with their degrading store. Many non-conventional energy sources like solar, tidal, wind etc. Can be used to generate energy and store it in suitable types of batteries to run these vehicles. The Different types of batteries like lead acid, lithium ion, nickel bromide are used as an energy storage devices for these electric vehicles. But with many advantages these batteries has some structural and thermal issues if not designed or connected properly. These issues are capacity loss, cell balancing, thermal runaway, reduction in battery life etc. therefore much focus need to give on proper battery connections considering its working parameters. Possible types of connections for batteries are active, passive and semi active as per their connections in series and parallel type. These connections depends on increasing the voltage and capacity of the battery. For series combinations apposite terminals of batteries are connected to each other, in which current remains constant and battery voltage is summed up to increase for maintaining the same capacity or ampere hour (Ah) rating of batteries. Whereas in parallel connections same terminals of the batteries are connected to each other in which voltage remained constant and battery current is summed up to rise. This is needed when we need to double the battery capacity or ampere hours (Ah) rating according to your system needs while maintain the same level of voltages. Each connections has its significance for battery performance. The present work focused on various design parameters of electric vehicle i.e. Comparative analysis of both series and parallel connection of batteries through its circuit connection, active and passive cell balancing of battery cells. This analysis will be carried out in Experimental with simulation study using by analysing the behaviour of it on battery performance characteristics such as state of charge, voltage and current variation as per load cycle.

Conduction has been one of the main barriers to further improvements in Li-ion batteries and is expected to remain so for the foreseeable future. In an effort to gain a better understanding of the conduction phenomena in Li-ion batteries and enable breakthrough technologies, a comprehensive survey of conduction phenomena in all components of a Li-ion cell incorporating theoretical, experimental, and simulation studies, is presented here. Included are a survey of the fundamentals of electrical and ionic conduction theories; a survey of the critical results, issues and challenges with respect to ionic and electronic conduction in the cathode, anode and electrolyte; a review of the relationship between electrical and ionic conduction for three cathode materials: LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4; a discussion of phase change in graphitic anodes and how it relates to diffusivity and conductivity; and the key conduction issues with organic liquid, solid-state and ionic liquid electrolytes.

ABSTRACT The influence of the operation conditions temperature and state of charge (SOC) on the performance of a commercial high-power lithium-ion cell is investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Based on the results of several preliminary tests, measurements were run covering the complete range of automotive applications.The cell impedance is presented and analyzed. A strong nonlinear temperature correlation is shown for all frequency ranges. Although the ohmic resistance is nearly unaffected by variation in SOC, the mass transport impedance reduces from 100% to 60% SOC and increases significantly again for lower SOCs.