Roman History

Une conférence tout public pour présenter à des lycéens et à des parents une grande ville grecque portuaire, devenue capitale de province romaine, et présentant un peuplement mixte : plusieurs milliers d'Italiques résident Éphèse et sur son territoire. La ville présente l'aspect d'une cité grecque, mais divers monuments et des inscriptions latines en nombre significatif rappellent que l'on se trouve aussi dans une caput provinciae romaine.

A conference for the general public to introduce secondary school students and their parents to a major Greek port city that became the capital of a Roman province, with a mixed population: several thousand Italics lived in Ephesus and its surrounding area. The city has the appearance of a Greek town, but some monuments and a significant number of Latin inscriptions remind us that it also was a Roman caput provinciae.

Ein Vortrag für die breite Öffentlichkeit, um Schülern und Eltern eine große griechische Hafenstadt vorzustellen, die zur Hauptstadt einer römischen Provinz wurde und eine gemischte Bevölkerung aufwies: Mehrere Tausend Italiker wohnten in Ephesus und im Umland. Die Stadt hat das Aussehen einer griechischen Stadt, aber verschiedene Denkmäler und eine beträchtliche Anzahl lateinischer Inschriften erinnern daran, dass man sich in einer römischen caput provinciae befindet.

Knowing the toponyms, that is the local names, is of great importance for arche ology and history because with their help we can more easily identify the former settlements, fortresses, the routes along which important communications (roads) passed, the places where some of the most significant battles took place, the military camps, the fortifications and simi lar. At the same time, with the help of the toponyms, new archeological sites can be discovered and identified. A large number of toponyms have been registered in the Bregalnica region, with the help of which we can reconstruct the historical events from the distant past of Macedonia and the Macedonian people. At the same time, with the help of toponymy, we can discover and register new archeological sites and thereby enrich the archeological map of Macedonia.

En un trabajo reciente analizábamos el problema del tráfico por el río Guadalquivir y el transporte de las ánforas por el mismo durante el Alto Imperio romano. Hoy pretendemos hacer un esbozo de lo que pudo suponer el transporte de dichas ánforas andaluzas hasta ...

Nell'ambito degli studi sulla città romana di Foligno-Fulginia, si valutano alcuni importanti indizi per un'interpretazione del sito suburbano di S.Maria in Campis probabile area di culto di Ercole legato al commercio del sale e alla transumanza.

The article explores the position of the Gerousia in the associative universe of the Greek cities of the Imperial period. The first section examines the public dimension of the Gerousia, as it emerges from its interaction with the civic institutions, the local notables and the imperial power. The second section focuses on the Gerousia's similarities with private associations, both in their organizational form and in several of their activities, such as the protection of graves and the administration of funerary endowments. The third section draws a comparison between the public role of the Gerousia and that of private associations. Finally, the last section proposes a taxonomy of the various corporate bodies of the Greek polis in relation to their access to events, acts and symbols that expressed the sovereign power of the civic community and its collective identity. In these terms, the Gerousia occupied an impressively high position which brought her very close to the Council and the People.

Since the end of 2018, the Croatian Science Foundation has been funding the scientific research project “Understand- ing Roman Borders: the Case of the Eastern Adriatic”. The project aims to determine possible archaeological traces of Roman military fortifications in the hinterland of the Roman colonies of Iader and Salona located between the rivers Krka and Cetina. To optimally identify possible Roman military camps and/or structures in an unusually elongated and narrow territory of 71.5 km air distance, a methodological approach was chosen based on seven consecutive phases of research that would be conducted over a period of four years. This paper presents the unexpected results. The data, obtained using LiDAR scanning, showed several hitherto completely unknown structures similar to Roman military camps in places where their existence had never been assumed. Following these findings, a systematic field survey was conducted in and around these sites to determine their archaeological potential and obtain basic information on the sites

It has frequently been maintained that a Roman legation which, according to Livy, was sent to the Greek East in 172 should be considered an annalistic doublet of a legation dispatched later, probably in the winter of 172/171. This paper argues in favor of the historicity of the legation, without denying possible manipulation by Roman sources concerned to legitimate the punishment of Rhodes in 167 after the end of the Third Macedonian War.

Roman women – priestesses, patrician women, mysterious guardians of the sacred flame of goddess Vesta, admired and respected, sometimes blamed for misfortune of the Eternal City. Vestals identified with the eternity of Rome, the priestesses having a specific, unavailable to other women power. That power gained at the moment of a ritual capture (captio) and responsibilities and privileges resulted from it are the subject matter of this paper. The special attention is paid to the importance of Vestals for Rome and Romans in various historic moments, and to the purifying rituals performed by Vestals on behalf of the Roman state’s fortune. The study presents probable dating and possible causes of the end of the College of the Vestals in Rome.

I resti della Porticus Aemilia hanno caratterizzato nei secoli, insieme al Monte Testaccio e alle Mura Aureliane, il paesaggio della pianura subaventina, racchiuso tra le vie Florio, Branca, Rubattino e Vespucci. Tra il 2011 e il 2013, all’interno di un progetto di ricerca e valorizzazione coordinato dalla Soprintendenza, sono state effet-tuate tre campagne di scavo. Le indagini, in collaborazione con il KNIR, hanno permesso di acquisire nuovi dati sulla la vita e le modificazioni dell’edificio nel corso dei secoli. Secondo le fonti letterarie (Liv. 35.10.12; Liv. 41.27.8) nel 193 a.C. gli edili curuli M. Aemilius Lepidus e L. Aemilius Paulus promossero nell’area libera della Piana Subaventina, la realizzazione di un nuovo porto fluviale (Emporium) e di una grande costruzione ad esso connessa, la Porticus Aemilia; i lavori per l’edificazione di tale struttura si conclusero probabilmente attorno al 174 a.C. ad opera dei censori Q. Fulvius Flaccus e A. Postumius Albinus. Tradizionalme...

Although ignored in current treatments of Roman political culture, women were active in the streets of Rome and throughout Italy in the war-torn mid-Republic. Comedy is the best contemporary witness, developing as it did from the 270s BCE onward. City sackings entailed rape, enslavement, loss of kin, and the movement of refugees across Italy, and the resulting issues inflect the content of comedy, emblematized in a slave-woman’s fake jewelry in the shape of the goddess Victoria. Comedy addresses women in the audience, while, onstage, women move through the city and participate in political actions and discourse, laying claim to rights. In Livy’s later accounts of the Punic Wars, women appear in religious worship and reacting to war news, demonstrating bereavement like the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo. They even join in the fighting, in ways seen in Vietnam and Northern Ireland, or as Cicero’s wife Terentia defended her own home.

Medical and Pharmaceutical University of Galaţi, RomaniaIntroduction: Dilated cardiomyopathy is a severe condition in which the heart muscle is weakened and no longer has the strength to pump blood throughout the body. The weakened heart is unable to pump more blood, therefore more blood remains to this level after each heartbeat. As larger amounts of blood remain in the lower chambers of the heart, they expand. Over time, the heart muscle loses its shape and becomes increasingly weaker. Objectives: Study of clinical evolution and ECG of patients diagnosed with associated dilated cardiomyopathy or ALCAPA Syndrome from a basic treatment with IEC, diuretics and B-blocking agents along with the surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: 10 children of which 9 diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy and 1 child who associates ALCAPA syndrome were evaluated by Ross score, NYHA and echocardiographic. Cardiac index measurement using ECG and CT after receiving basic treatment. Results: The 9 ...

A hoard of thirty-two Short Cross pennies and one cut halfpenny was recovered by metal-detectorists at Buchlyvie, Stirlingshire, in 2019. It is currently being assessed for Treasure Trove purposes, and has the temporary designation TTDB 2019/334. All but three of the coins were English, with just one Scottish penny of William the Lion and two of Alexander II. The latest English coins in the hoard belonged to Short Cross class 7b4, dated to the period c.1234-c.1236,1

This collection of papers sheds light on how coins, riches, and lands were
gained and distributed among soldiers, warriors, and mercenaries. Contributions
cover a wide chronological span from Late Pharaonic to early medieval times,
linking a well-defined core area, the Mediterranean basin, with its peripheries:
Central Europe and Scandinavia to the north and the margins of the Sahara
Desert and the Fertile Crescent to the south and the east.

Groundwater vulnerability assessment is a crucial step in the efficient management of groundwater resources, especially in areas with intensive anthropogenic activities and groundwater pollution. In the
present study, the DRASTIC method was applied using Geographic Information System (GIS) to delineate
groundwater vulnerability zones in the Erbil Dumpsite area, Central Erbil Basin, North Iraq. Results
showed that the area was classified into four vulnerability classes: Very low (16.97%), low (27.67%),
moderate (36.55%) and high (18.81%). The southern, south-eastern and northern parts of the study area
exhibited the highest vulnerability potential, while the central-northern, northern and north-western regions
displayed the lowest vulnerability potential. Moreover, results of the single-parameter sensitivity analysis
indicated that amongst the seven DRASTIC parameters, the unsaturated zone and the aquifer media were
the most influencing parameters. In conclusion, the correlation of 25 nitrate concentration values with the
final vulnerability map, assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, yielded a satisfactory result of
R = 0.72.

Investigations in the extra muros sector called Main Gate-Main Tower
started in the year 2000 and, with a few interruptions, are still ongoing today. The sector is located in the centre of early Roman Histria and underwent numerous interventions during the construction of the Late Roman enclosure, but especially since the beginning of archaeological excavations at Histria, which caused the destruction of the complexes contemporary with the enclosure. The present article examines two new inscriptions discovered in this area: a fragment of an honorific or funerary inscription, and a further fragment of the Histrian horothesia providing new insights on the dossier of letters accompanying the decree of Laberius Maximus.

In the 16th century, Muslim cartography once more began a resurgence, which was primarily caused by the rise of the Ottoman Empire and its relations with Europe. Be it the Tunisian ‘Ali al-Sharafi or the Ottoman fleet admiral Piri Reis. This resurgence was
primarily expressed in the accuracy of the maps, which, unlike the Islamic maps before from the Middle Ages, were no longer only symbolic, and schematic, but became much more detailed. This innovation was adopted from Western Europe in the Muslim world
and was soon used. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the 16th-century Black Sea portolan authored by ‘Ali al-Sharafi and conduct a comparative analysis with Piri Reis and some contemporary
European maps from that era. The aim is to read and clarify the toponymy of the eastern Black Sea coast as presented on the portolan, within the scope of possibility. Also, we can consider the mentioned map as one of the indicators of the growing interest of the Ottoman Empire in Western Georgia and the Black Sea area in general. The work of ‘Ali al-Sharafi is a kind of atlas in which the seas are given separately. We have two versions of it – 1551 and 1571. In the context of the Eastern Black Sea coast and Georgia, there are several facts worth noting. First of all, it should be noted, that the eastern Black Sea coast was actually neglected or wrongly characterized in medieval
Arab geographical works and maps. For example, the most common mistake was that in the geographical area where West Georgia was located, north of Trabzon, it was mostly referred to as al-Lan. This was the case, for example, with al-Muqaddasi al-Bashari’s map (10th century) and al-Idrisi’s map (11th century). Therefore, this portolan is one of the first times when West Georgia was properly shown on the Arab-Muslim geographical map. ‘Ali al-Sharafi’s portolan is the first time Western Georgia appeared properly on the Arab-Islamic geographical map, which was directly derived from Western European geographical knowledge, to which we must add the interests of the
Ottomans in the Caucasus, in particular in the eastern Black Sea region. Meanwhile, there are a few different details. One of the main differences was the eastern variants of the toponyms. For example, the names of Poti and Sukhumi are in the form of Fafi and Sukhim on the maps. It should be noted that on European maps the same cities are found with different names such as Phasis and Sebastopol. In this case, we should assume the Ottoman influence when determining the spelling of the names, which indicates that the author did not use only European maps and geographical knowledge.
In addition, some cities on the northern and southern shores of the Black Sea have flags attached to them, which were characteristic of Western European maps. On the 1551 map, there are flags in some cities around the Black Sea (there are 63 flags in the entire atlas), which are more numerous than on the 1571 map. At the same time, the flags usually mark the important cities of the era, although in this case some of the less important places also have a flag, as well as many flags are very similar and repeated. In some cases, the flag on the 1551 map differs from the flags on the 1571 map. Flags do not only have the shape of a square, and their shapes are different (mostly the square has two or three-pronged shapes added to it), it can be hexagonal, an irregular hexagon (schematically an equilateral trapezoid attached to a rectangle) or simply a flag.
There are four flags on the north-western Black Sea coast. All four have the same shape. There is only one flag in the northeastern Black Sea region. The flag of the toponym Karkari (Gagra) on the map is rectangular and has two crescents on a burgundy background. At first glance, it has an “X” shape, but if you look closely, the left and right sides are slightly curved inside. Then there is the southern Black Sea coast where 4 flags are given. First, from the east to the west of Trabzon should be Tirebol, then Fatsa, Gerze and finally the city of Amasra. As for the 1571 manuscript, six flags are given on the Black Sea portolan, none of which match the 1551 maps’ flags. However, in the case of the 5 flags (except Istanbul), they are identical flags and the difference is only in colours. Each of them has the shape of an irregular hexagon and in the middle is drawn a blue circle with a black dot in the heart. Two flags have a green background, and the other two have a red background. Two flags are on the northwestern Black Sea coast, and three are in the south, one of which is completely damaged.
To summarize, the given material revealed some interesting details. For example, Gagra and the flag on his head, which we have not seen anywhere before. The maps are made with an interval of 20 years, and the author has already made some changes to the portolan of 1571, be it a variety of names or different flags. The mentioned portolans are an object of interesting study and this process can be continued further, to clarify the toponyms even more.

En 1988 se creó, por primera vez, una cátedra de Historia Antigua en la Cataluña postguerra civil. La cátedra de Historia Antigua había sido asociada a la de Prehistoria, regida por el profesor. D. Joan Maluquer de Montes i Nicolau, quien no aprovechó la oportunidad de dividir ambas cátedras en el momento, en el que tanto la asignatura de Prehistoria como la de Historia Antigua se convirtieron en dos materias troncales en los planes de estudio

E’ il secondo di due volumi di un’opera che cerca di illustrare le vie e le città d’Italia esistenti in epoca romana. I tracciati delle strade sono dedotti da due fonti primarie, l’Itinerarium Antonini Augusti e la Tabula Peutingeriana, da molteplici fonti secondarie, fra cui principalmente il Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, e da reperti archeologiche, notizie storiche e altro. Per i centri abitati l’attenzione è dedicata principalmente ai centri di cui è stato possibile definire la cerchia delle mura e quindi l’estensione dell’abitato racchiuso fra le stesse.

E’ il primo di due volumi di un’opera che cerca di illustrare le vie e le città d’Italia esistenti in epoca romana. I tracciati delle strade sono dedotti da due fonti primarie, l’Itinerarium Antonini Augusti e la Tabula Peutingeriana, da molteplici fonti secondarie, fra cui principalmente il Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, e da reperti archeologiche, notizie storiche e altro. Per i centri abitati l’attenzione è dedicata principalmente ai centri di cui è stato possibile definire la cerchia delle mura e quindi l’estensione dell’abitato racchiuso fra le stesse.