Ancient Greek History

The article explores the position of the Gerousia in the associative universe of the Greek cities of the Imperial period. The first section examines the public dimension of the Gerousia, as it emerges from its interaction with the civic institutions, the local notables and the imperial power. The second section focuses on the Gerousia's similarities with private associations, both in their organizational form and in several of their activities, such as the protection of graves and the administration of funerary endowments. The third section draws a comparison between the public role of the Gerousia and that of private associations. Finally, the last section proposes a taxonomy of the various corporate bodies of the Greek polis in relation to their access to events, acts and symbols that expressed the sovereign power of the civic community and its collective identity. In these terms, the Gerousia occupied an impressively high position which brought her very close to the Council and the People.

In their Commentary to Herodotus' History, How and Wells (1912) comment that the 'Story of Mycale given in H. evades detailed criticism by its slightness' (Volume 2, 395). The other major source for information, Diodorus, also offers no more than cursory treatment of this military engagement (See Green, 2006). The superficial coverage in the ancient literature is then reflected in the evident lack of interest of modern studies in their brief assessments of the battle. Considering the very clear literary construction in Herodotus' account (see Flower and Marincola, 2002) of what is universally regarded as a historical event, there has been too little consideration of the problems evident from a close inspection of the narrative. Moreover, since the works of Herodotus and Diodorus differ in the information they contain it is possible, as a result of a comparative reading of the texts, to advance new ideas about Mycale, the prelude to this event and of its aftermath.

In fase di revisione del mio volume sulla celebre iscrizione da Halaesa Archonidion, inevitabilmente alcuni errori sono sfuggiti alle verifiche pre-stampa. Nell'attesa che l'Editore provveda ad aggiungere a fine volume un apposito spazio per evidenziarli, con il corrispondente testo corretto, segnalo alcuni addenda et corrigenda, indispensabili soprattutto per l'interpretazione del testo che ho proposto per la cosiddetta "Tabula B", nota come SEG 4.45.

We sequenced genomes from a ~7,000 year old early farmer from Stuttgart in Germany, an ~8,000 year old hunter-gatherer from Luxembourg, and seven ~8,000 year old hunter-gatherers from southern Sweden. We analyzed these data together with other ancient genomes and 2,345 contemporary humans to show that the great majority of present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: West European Hunter-Gatherers (WHG), who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; Ancient North Eurasians (ANE), who were most closely related to Upper Paleolithic Siberians and contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and Early European Farmers (EEF), who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harbored WHG-related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that EEF had ~44% ancestry from a "Basal Eurasian" lineage that split prior to the diversification of all other non-African lineages.

Please notes this not the presentation order Events, Temporalities and Landscapes in Iceland .............................................................. 2! Oscar Aldred and Gavin Lucas, University of Iceland, Iceland ..................................... 2! The AD 79 eruption of Mt Vesuvius: a significant or insignificant event? ........................ 2! Penelope Allison, University of Leicester, UK .............................................................. 2! Mad Builder or Architect of Social Change? Eventful Archaeology, the Heuneburg Mudbrick Wall and the Early Iron Age of Southwest Germany ................................................ 2! Bettina Arnold, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Wisconsin ................................. 2! A Paleohistorical Approach to Paleolithic Structural Changes .......................................... 3! Françoise Audouze, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France .................. 3! “Eventful Archaeology? An Annaliste...

The paper assembles various short notes on the etymologies of some Greek, Pre-Greek or Anatolian toponyms: the cities Ialyssos and Iyalanda, the fortress named Ochyroma on Rhodes island, the Ha-Gorge on Crete, presents an etymology for greek thalassa, and for Amarynthos on Euboea, while Elaia/Dainis in Anatolia can be shown to be a case of a translation of a place name.

The extent to which pre-Columbian societies altered Amazonian landscapes is hotly debated. We performed a basin-wide analysis of pre-Columbian impacts on Amazonian forests by overlaying known archaeological sites in Amazonia with the distributions and abundances of 85 woody species domesticated by pre-Columbian peoples. Domesticated species are five times more likely than nondomesticated species to be hyperdominant. Across the basin, the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species increase in forests on and around archaeological sites. In southwestern and eastern Amazonia, distance to archaeological sites strongly influences the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species. Our analyses indicate that modern tree communities in Amazonia are structured to an important extent by a long history of plant domestication by Amazonian peoples.

The ancient coinages of Neapolis and its neighbors are known for including many interesting symbols, letter combinations, and monograms. While many of these numismatic devices have been convincingly explained in previous literature, there is one letter combination that continues to elude researchers: ΙΣ. This paper will
explore past attempts to explain the meaning of ΙΣ and their respective shortcomings. Then, using numismatic, archaeological, literary, and epigraphic evidence, it will argue that ΙΣ is a word meaning "sinew," and thus collectively signifying "the sinews of Acheloios." With this interpretation, I argue that ΙΣ paired with Acheloios iconography operated as a regional badge that aligned the Neapolitans and Caletans under a deeply-rooted religious banner, one that symbolized many constituents forming one cohesive group at the start of the Third Samnite war (c.
296 BC), and continued on through the mid 3rd century, now incorporating many other cities, as a way to symbolize the region’s distinct cultural identity vis-à-vis Roman expansion. The paper will also provide a corpus of the ΙΣ types and narrow the dating of the earliest Neapolitan and Caletan issues that feature ǿȈ to the first decade of the 3rd century BC.

This paper explores the Pindaric tradition in Μπολιβάρ. It discusses how the poetics of praise and their function in Pindar's odes may illuminate the modern poem's form and aspirations especially as far as the role of the poet within the community is concerned. What is more, the discussion of the sculptural monuments within the poem allows for a better illustration of the tensions that Engonopoulos stages in Μπολιβάρ between the poet as hero and the poet as outcast. The paper also explores the cultural and intellectual circumstances in the decade prior to the publication of the poem that may have led Engonopoulos to choose the figure of Simón Bolívar as the central character of his poem and of Abraham Lincoln as Bolívar's "double" in the poem's famous conclusion. ver since the time of Horace, Pindar's poetry has been referred to as a poetry of the sublime: he is "like a river, rushing down from the mountains, / that the rain has filled above its us...

Pamphylia kentlerinden Perge’de üç nekropolis bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki ve Arkaik Dönem’den Hellenistik Dönem’e kadar yoğun olarak kullanılanı, akropolis eteklerindekidir. Kentin doğu ve batı surları dışında Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’ne tarihlenen iki nekropolis alanı daha vardır. Bu nekropolis¬lerde yerel kireçtaşı, traverten ve ithal mermerden yapılmış çok sayıda lahit bulunmuştur. Bu lahitler, malzemesine göre ithal ve yerel olarak iki ana gruba ayrılmaktadır. İthal mermerden yapılan lahitler; Dokimeion, Prokonnessos ve Attika’dan yarı işli ya da tamamlanmış biçimde getirilmişlerdir. Perge nekropolislerindeki ithal lahit konteksti içinde Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’ne tarihlenen girlandlı (yarı ve tam işli), figürlü̈ frizli, madalyonlu, köşe sütun ya da pilasterli (Torre Nova) ve sütunlu tipte lahitler bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede 2003 yılında Perge Batı Nekropolis’te, Dokimeion figürlü frizli lahit grubu içinde yer alan Amazonomakhia tasvirli lahit incelenmiştir. Lahit, 2003 yılın...

In 1954, Walter Beasley, the founder of the Australian Institute of Archaeology (the Institute), financially supported a young Australian archaeologist, G.R.H. Wright, to excavate tombs at Tauchira, near modern Tocra, and Euesperides, in present day Benghazi, Libya. Excavations produced artefacts some of which were sent to the Institute for its museum collection. This paper alerts scholars to the Institute's holdings from the excavations at Tauchira and Euesperides.

Das römische Köln war eine Militärgründung. Mindestens 25 Jahre waren auf dem heutigen Stadtgebiet zwei römische Legionen stationiert. Das Zweilegionenlager von Köln wird umfassend beschrieben. Außerdem wird dargelegt, dass sich die Ubier mit Zustimmung Caesars seit 50 v. Chr. in der Kölner Bucht ansiedelten. Eine einmalige Umsiedlungsaktion
durch Agrippa hat es historisch nicht gegeben – Roman Cologne was a military foundation. Two Roman legions were stationed in what is now the city for at least 25 years. The two-legion camp in Cologne is described in detail. It is also explained that the Ubians settled in the Bay of Cologne from 50 BC with Caesar's approval. A unique resettlement operation by Agrippa did not exist historically.

Le panthéon de la region plus large de Thrace est largement d’origine orientale, sans que les dieux indigènes manquent. La plupart des divinités, dont il est composé, sont associées aux éléments de la nature ou à la guerre. La plupart de ces étaient vénérées localement. Il y avait cependant des cas qui ont échappé aux confins de la Thrace et qui étaient adorées dans toute la Grèce ou dans quelques régions grecques. Nous allons essayer de faire une reconstruction du panthéon Thrace selon les sources, ainsi qu’un bref aperçu des dieux, même de ceux pour lesquels l'information est minime.

È uscito il numero 63 di «Zapruder», che mette sotto osservazione il periodo classico per indagare come la storia antica – il suo utilizzo, recupero, sedimento – sia parte di un gioco di specchi continuo con la contemporaneità e i conflitti che la attraversano.