Military History

Desde los inicios de la ingeniería militar, sus profesionales estuvieron íntimamente ligados a disciplinas tan dispares como la artillería, la infantería e incluso la arquitectura. No se producirá hasta mucho después la delimitación de su actividad, y aún así no faltarán ejemplos de ingenieros ilustrados que dominen y actúen en más de un campo. Encargados de la defensa del territorio nacional como función primordial, fueron asumiendo además, obligados por el agravamiento de las tensiones en algunas zonas estratégicas, un gran número de tareas cuya vinculación con su cometido profesional no esta muy claro. Así la creación de fortificación y la remodelación de las ya existentes, el desarrollo de canales y caminos, los levantamientos cartográficos, la ejecución de proyectos arquitectónicos y urbanísticos y un largo etc, fueron cometidos comunes a su oficio. En mayor o menor medida, y cada uno según su capacidad, actuaron en uno o varios de estos campos.

Historical documents about the diplomatic carrier of Rose Bédy-Schwimmer contains 44 archival documents in German, French and Hungarian languages. The majority of these historical sources originates from the personal dossier of the first Hungarian woman envoy archived in the "Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv" in Bern.

Dijital oyunlar artık hayatımızın her alanında varlığını göstermeye başlamıştır.7 yaşından 70 yaşına kadar her yaştan bireylerin artık bu dijital platformlarda, kimi zaman vakit geçirme kimi zaman eğlence kimi zamanda maddi çıkar amaçlı olarak zamanlarının önemi bir kısmını harcamaktadır. Bu vakit geçirmeler kimi zaman istenmeyen sonuçlara sebebiyet verebilmektedir. Karşımızdaki ya da yanı başımızdaki sanal dünya ki kişilerin, gerçek dünyadaki kimliklerini bilmeden onlarla dostluk kurulabilmekte, kimi zaman en mahrem bilgileri isteyerek ya da istemeyerek paylaşabilmektedir. İşte dijital dünya ile istihbarat arasındaki ilişkide bu noktada birbiri ile ilişkilenmeye başlamaktadır. Gerek oyun içerisinde canlı olarak gerekse oyundan önce veya sonra ağ, bağlantı yöntemleri, sosyolojik yöntemler ile oyun sırasında alınan bilgiler, paylaşılan alansal ya da mekânsal bilgiler, bireyden ülkeye uzanan ciddi veri paylaşımları, bu platformlarda olası örgütlerin örgüt elamanından maddi kazanç elde...

THIRD MAHRATTA AND PINDARI WAR-First Ever Detailed Cartographic Study in History
March 2024
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22138.91848

Agha H Amin My research is available on @ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379352690_THIRD_MAHRATTA_AND_PINDARI_WAR-First_Ever_Detailed_Cartographic_Study_in_History?utm_source=twitter&rgutm_meta1=eHNsLWZIU2VTcFlJdDhlVzhWZEJTMEVZYnk1MUh4dzFvSndNd3B4U2hpdm1QSWZldkpycXo0dzZ2SjNzNXFyMGdGb2c5S3NjVmc3U0daNjUyUHN6bGlNMC9RRT0%3D

The weather change of the recent decades caused changes that can be felt in Vojvodina, too. In this economy which mostly relies on agriculture, farmlands are afflicted with floods one year and drought in another. To balance these, canal systems are already built. Because of the size of the canal network, its periodic monitoring requires huge amount of work and recourses. Our research investigates possibility of aerial monitoring of regional irrigation and drainage canals using drones. Autonomous flying robots are becoming more and more popular in recent years. This is happening because the technology they are based on is getting less expensive, quadcopters have broken into the consumer market, so the manufacturing costs are constantly decreasing. This enables them to be used both in research and in the industry without having to pay huge amounts of money. In this research, a commercially available quadcopter has been used to monitor water canals around the city. By design, the devic...

Conducive civil-military relations (CMR) is essential for political stability, good governance, and the country's prosperity. However, there has been a misunderstanding or misinterpretation of this concept in some quarters in Nepal. The CMR is the relationship between the government and the military, especially the higher echelon of the officer corps, generally expressed as civilian control of the military. Good CMR is vital for national security and defence, which calls for organizing the military by balancing the societal and functional imperatives. While there are many existing theories in CMR, Nepal must focus on democratic civilian control as the country has embarked on a democratic political system. The features of democratic civilian control include division of authority between the state's organs and the military, parliamentary oversight, subordination of the military to civil society, and maintaining the credibility and accountability of the military. This qualitati...

Con la scomparsa delle cartoline che Gozzano aveva mandato dall'Oriente a Candidina Bolognino, si perdonoelementi anche utili a comprendere la formazione di Guido. Un compito dello storico è il documentare il passato e, nel caso, lo posso ancora fare, perché, da sempre, mi è consueto Agliè, dove ritrovo, oltre ai parenti nostri, i riflessi di qualche amicizia di famiglia e, tra queste, l'amica di mamma: Mary Prola col marito, dottor Roberto Bolognino! Sono persone che animano i nostri ricordi più lontani e, nella vivacità dei loro incontri, caratterizzati dal racconto del loro vissuto, che era sempre partecipato da tutti, costituiscono esempi, divenuti consueti anche a noi, di vita domestica, quando le loro presenze

This article examines how Anglophone scholars approached the question of Maoist China's relationship with empire between 1949 and 1976. My analysis sheds light on three discursive frameworks. First, I discuss scholars that portrayed China as part of a Sino-Soviet empire. Second, I investigate academic studies that argued that the CCP sought to revive China's old empire with new characteristics. Third, I look at scholarship that depicted the CCP as seeking to create a post-colonial order both at home and abroad. Finally, in the conclusion, I address how these three discursive frameworks continue to circulate in contemporary discourse about Sino-American relations.

El artículo se centra en la institucionalización del Consejo General de Educación en la provincia de Santa Fe como expresión del vínculo entre política y educación. El análisis enfatiza tanto las trayectorias de algunos actores políticos como los temas y debates que dirimieron la definición de políticas públicas para la educación. Entre la Ley orgánica de la educación común (1874) y la coyuntura del Centenario (1910) se analizan antecedentes, creación y acciones del Consejo. Se colocan en relevancia los instrumentos normativos, la conformación de una burocracia educativa, el vínculo entre funcionarios y gobernantes y las culturas políticas que animan un entramado polifónico. El abordaje se efectúa especialmente a través del Boletín del Consejo de Instrucción Primaria y del Boletín de Educación.

The paper discusses the importance of the Roman Praetorian Guard and how they had an impact on the life of Paul and the growth of the New Testament church. The Praetorian Guard’s primary role in the New Testament age was to protect the emperor and imperial family and to quash any potential rebellions, and they were the only military force allowed in the capital. Prisoners sent to Rome from the provinces in appeal cases, like the apostle Paul, were entrusted to the care of the prefect of the praetorian guard.

El siguiente ensayo tiene por propósito investigar y analizar los mecanismos de conexión y relación entre los ingenieros militares al servicio de la corona española en América y el poder central hispano, representado por las distintas autoridades que tenían bajo su jurisdicción a los miembros de este cuerpo profesional. Especial atención daremos a las relaciones intra-gremio y con sus superiores jerárquicos dentro de la burocracia de la corona, tomando como caso de estudio las obras particulares del sistema de fortificaciones de Valdivia, en el Reino de Chile. El espacio temporal cubierto por este ensayo abarca desde el comienzo de la construcción del sistema en el año 1645 hasta el año 1820, momento en que la corona española pierde control sobre el sistema tras la captura por parte de Lord Cochrane de este punto estratégico de la navegación global. Especial atención se dará al periodo que cubre el siglo XVIII, en el cual se realizan las modificaciones más relevantes en términos constructivos y logísticos del sistema. El rol eminentemente técnico de los ingenieros militares en Hispanoamérica se refleja en el prolífico trabajo realizado en los breves periodos que la corona asignaba a sus expediciones profesionales en este punto del Reino, mostrando siempre una sólida formación en ciencias matemáticas, físicas, artillería, cartografía y arte constructivo en general, evidenciada en la amplia documentación cartográfica legada y la extensa producción planimétrica surgida, aún atesorada en los archivos como resultado de su trabajo, a lo que añadieron su evidente manejo en el área económica, geoestratégica y política que les permitió formar sólidas redes de influencia dentro de los centros de poder locales y globales como trataremos de dilucidar a lo largo de este ensayo. En el caso del Reino de Chile, los ingenieros militares solo comenzaron a tener una presencia más palpable a partir del siglo XVII, ya que es en este periodo donde comienza la construcción de obras de fortificación costera de relevancia, siendo este uno de los campos de mayor conocimiento técnico de la profesión, y que debido a cambios trascendentes en el panorama geopolítico global, con la presencia de flotas de potencias extranjeras rivales de España en los “Mares del Sur”, requirió de su presencia y labor en una de las zonas extremas del imperio.

Focusing on the years between 1895 and 1897, this article reconstructs what happened after the arrival of Young Turk revolutionaries into the cities of the Danubian hinterland, particularly centering on Rusçuk (Ruse in today's Bulgaria). In tracing the footsteps oḟ Ibrahim Temo and Mustafa Ragıp, two self-exiled figures from˙Istanbul, this study captures a particular moment when the Danubian cities became the hotbed of transnational radicalism, as a number of assassination plots began to be hatched by Muslim revolutionaries. A wellconnected port city serviced by regular steamship links, Rusçuk was where professional revolutionaries met with the local Muslims, much to the ire of Ottoman diplomats in the region. In capturing their encounters, the goal is to point to the significance of Young Turk activities in the Balkans before the turn of the century, a phase which remains understudied in the existing literature. By focusing on a secondary port city that became home to failed assassination plots, this article also seeks to contribute to ongoing discussion in global history that warns against narratives of unhindered globalization. In studying fin-de-siecle radicalization, I hope to contribute to these debates by reflecting upon the limits of globalization as a productive field of historical inquiry.

Chinese history has largely been defined by a transition of power from one major imperial dynasty to another, separated by notable times of division such as the Warring States (475 BC-221 BC) and Three Kingdoms (220-280) periods. The early twentieth-century collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1912 is no exception to this historical trend and gave way to a twelve-year period termed the “Warlord Era.” Dating back to the 1960s, Western scholarly discourse argued that these warlords lacked the ideologies or visons to implement any changes outside of their own personal and political interests. This research contends that warlords were not merely interested in gaining power through short-term pragmatic efforts, but possessed larger ideological concerns within their governing policies over their respective domains. Three prominent warlords to emerge out of this era who complicate the oversimplified claims of warlord governance as pragmatic self-preservation are Feng Yuxiang (冯玉祥), Zhang Zuolin...

A continuación, nos proponemos avanzar en la caracterización de la militarización de los “indios amigos” en las fronteras de las Pampas y la Norpatagonia, durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Para ello nos concentraremos en seis preguntas queno obstante su sencillez, consideramos que colaboran en afrontar nuestro objetivo con alguna base empírica y que ponen la mirada no solo en la militarización como tal sino en su papel con relación a las dinámicas interétnicas asociadas tanto a la construcción y organización del Estado argentino como a las transformaciones del campo político indígena.

Γιώργος Κόκκινος και Έλλη Λεμονίδου (επιμ.), Εγκλεισμοί και ιστορία, Πεδίο, Αθήνα 2024, σ. 91-108

War and mental illness. Soldiers at Dromokaiteion Psychiatric Hospital during the First World War, in Giorgos Kokkinos and Elli Lemonidou (eds), Incarceration and History, Pedio Publishers, Athens 2024, p. 91-108.

Az első világháború kitörésekor a fiumei magyar kereskedelmi tengerészet nemzetközi összevetésben is egy jelentős méretű flottát működtetett, melyben a hajók meghatározó többsége újnak és korszerűnek, így értékesnek is volt tekinthető. Fiume kikötője és az innen működtett tengerhajózás Magyarország számára stratégiai jelentőségű volt, a világpiaccal való kapcsolat egyik fontos láncszeme. Az első világháború előtti évtizedekben a magyar állam egy megtérülő nemzetgazdasági jelentőségű fejlesztést hajtott végre a kikötő modernizálása, a Kárpát-medencei gazdasági hátországgal való összeköttetés, és a fiumei magyar kereskedelmi tengerészet felépítése érdekében. Az 1870-es évek elején elkezdett, a magyar állam számára megtérülő beruházás Európa tizedik legforgalmasabb kikötőjét hozta létre Fiumében. A sikernek az első világháború hirtelen, szinte sokkszerűen vetett véget, a város gyors fejlődése megtorpant. Noha Olaszország csak 1915 májusában lépett be a háborúba, a hajóállomány egy része már az első hónapokban nem volt hazai kikötőbe hozható, az aknaveszély és a katonai óvintézkedések miatt a tengerhajózás javarészt már korán leállt, a vállalatokat jelentős pénzügyi veszteségek és károk érték. A tengeri flotta már a háború elején lényegében az Otrantói-szoroson belüli területre, majd egyre inkább a Monarchia saját tengerpartjára korlátozódott. Ez bénítóan hatott a korábban látványosan fejlődő, gyorsan gyarapodó Fiume életére. A korábbi évtizedek sikereinek fényében a változás sokkszerű volt, és magyarázatot ad arra is, hogy végül 1918 őszére miért tudtak olyan hirtelen felszínre kerülni a nemzetiségi ellentétek és társadalmi feszültségek az egykor sikeres tengerparti városban.

This research paper introduces a groundbreaking prototype known as the "Black Nightmare V.7." The Black Nightmare V.7 drone bombardier boasts a range of distinctive features and applications, which are detailed in this technical report. Firstly, we advocate for the implementation of the "Multiple Ailerons System (MAS) and Multi-Missiles System (MM-System)" in the Black Nightmare V.7 drone bombardier. This involves strategically placing all ailerons within the main body structure of the aircraft. Additionally, the Black Nightmare V.7 drone bombardier features an innovative propeller design referred to as the "Silent Propeller System (SPS)." This system incorporates a potent motor within the main structure, accompanied by a series of specialized propellers that operate in precise synchronization to reduce departure and landing noise levels by an impressive 99.5%. Furthermore, a cutting-edge concept called the "Sensibility Winds System (SWS)" is integrated, leveraging artificial intelligence for enhanced performance. In a bid for sustainability, the Black Nightmare V.7 drone bombardier is equipped with solar panels, ensuring a continuous charge to support its four powerful motors simultaneously. Notably, the Black Nightmare V.7 drone bombardier is capable of carrying four heavy bombs and three missiles (air-air). Finally, its versatile capabilities render the Black Nightmare V.7 drone bombardier indispensable for a wide array of military and national emergency missions.

Any misconception under Islam is considered as a misinterpretation of Islam despite the nature and disparity in understanding Islamic view scholarly and religious perspectives. The ignorance and non-religious individuals find it difficult to differentiate between renowned scholars and students ward manifested. It is recorded that scholars differ in terms of their views as experts, some speak on areas that are not their field of studies which generate faulty logic reasoning, deliberate distortion, and misinterpretations from the so-called scholars in Nigeria. Boko Haram emerged based on negative misconceptions and perceived some extreme views that are in conjunction and misleading towards Islam. To root out the insurgency from any society, there must be effective majors to be addressed, such as the root causes for the emergence, reasons for misconception, good governance and Justice within society and regulating the system of da’awa and dua’at (views preaching for and qualification o...

The Swiss narrative of democracy is a well-known and well-studied topic. Not only is it still used by current—mostly populist and xenophobic—political actors, but it has been explored by at least two generations of historians who have tracked its development before the French Revolution and, to a lesser extent, during the 19th century, a period during which Swiss democracy was undergoing dramatic changes. This literature shows that this narrative was first an account of Swiss liberty before focusing on democracy per se. It also demonstrates that the democracy it depicts has very little to do with its medieval counterpart. However, historians mostly overlook a crucial element, which is highlighted in this volume, as they fail to truly analyse the use of the narrative form—and the consequences of its use, per se. By focusing first on the emergence of this narrative and then by thoroughly exploring its development during the post-revolutionary period, along with the evolution of democr...