Networks

"Red Estatal eJalisco: The Network is Ours" by IJALTI, gathering in its pages the rationale, origins and motivation to perform this first strategy mainly emanating from the citizens of Jalisco, to enhance the development and inclusion of society in the digital age (IJALTI, 2013).

Infrastructural practices, made by the manipulations of pumps, pipes and hydraulic expertise, play a critical role in managing urban populations. Drawing on two years of ethnographic research in Mumbai, in this article I show how Muslim settlers in a northern suburb are being rendered abject residents of the city. Abjection isn’t not a lack of social and political entitlements, but a denial of them. As Muslim settlers are being pushed down to claim less desirable water through the deliberate inaction of city engineers and technocrats, this article shows the iterative process through which abjection is made through tenuous and contentious infrastructural connections between the government and the governed.

Synthetic biology is an emerging field that strives to build increasingly complex biological networks through the integration of molecular biology and engineering. The growth of the field has been supported by progress in the design and construction of synthetic genetic and protein networks. This has led to the possibility of assembling modular components to attain novel biological functions and tools. In addition, these synthetic networks give rise to insights that facilitate the investigation of interactions and phenomena in naturally-occurring networks. Integration of well-characterized biological components into higher order networks requires computational modeling approaches to rationally construct systems that are directed towards a desired outcome. A computational approach would improve the predictability of the underlying mechanisms that would otherwise be difficult to deduce through experimentation alone. The analysis and interpretation of both qualitative and quantitative ...

In this work we demonstrate the usefulness of the application of Recommender Systems in the financial domain. Specifically we investigate a dataset, made available by a major European bank, containing the purchases of a large set of investment assets by 200k investors. We also present some preliminary results of the application of network analysis via statistical validation to identify clusters of investment assets.

A weekday in Didier's life can seem pretty repetitive. However, each of these days see him playing with new ideas, talking with new people, reading new stuffs, connecting ideas and people (among which are the authors)... he even saves time to read, go to the movie and the theatre, and enjoy singing Renaissance songs every Tuesday night. He also finds time to enjoy his family, although probably not quite enough.

Reciprocal altruism is common in humans (Niamir-Fuller, 1998, Gurven, 2004), however, its evolution is paradoxical; theoretically the more one is trusted, the better the outcomes from oneshot prisoner's dilemmas, although for individuals the best outcomes are when trust is not reciprocated. Most real life games are not oneshot, but iterated where trust develops through past actions (Cárdenas and Ostrom, 2004). Furthermore, in social-ecological systems outcomes are driven by biophysical context. In rangelands, our focus, low levels ...

The Graph is a powerful mathematical tool applied in many fields as transportation, communication, informatics, economy, … In an ordinary graph, the weights of edges and vertexes are considered independently where the length of a path is the sum of weights of the edges and the vertexes on this path. However, in many practical problems, weights at a vertex are not the same for all paths passing this vertex but depend on coming and leaving edges. The presented paper develops a model of the extended linear multi-commodity multi-cost network that can be more exactly and effectively applied to model many practical problems. Then, maximal limit cost flow problems are modeled as implicit linear programming problems. On the base of dual theory in linear rogramming, an effective approximate algorithm is developed.

Abstract. Ontology at the beginning was (and it is still usually) conceived as a defini-tely philosophical discipline, far from the world of technology. Nevertheless, in the last years, the exponential growth of communication through the net has favoured a new phenomenon: the ontological ...

Global Cinema Networks investigates the evolving aesthetic forms, technological and industrial conditions, and social impacts of cinema in the twenty-first century. The collection’s esteemed contributors excavate sites of global filmmaking in an era of digital reproduction and amidst new modes of circulation and aesthetic convergence, focusing primarily on recent films made across Europe, Africa, Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East. Moving beyond the digital as a harbinger of transformation, the volume offers new ways of thinking about cinema networks in a historical continuum, from “international” to “world” to “transnational” to “global” frames. 
Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction: Global Cinemas in a Time of Networks
Elena Gorfinkel, King’s College London (U.K.)

Part 1: Cartographies, Geopolitics, Aesthetics

Chapter 2: Beyond and Beneath the Map of World Cinema
Dudley Andrew, Yale University

Chapter 3: Frame
Adrian Martin, Monash University (Australia)

Chapter 4: Abstraction and the Geopolitical: Lessons from Antonioni’s Trip to China
John David Rhodes, University of Cambridge

Chapter 5: The City of Bits and Urban Rule: Media Archaeology, Urban Space, and Contemporary Chinese Documentary
James Tweedie, University of Washington

Part 2: Global Ideality, History, Representation

Chapter 6: Toward an Archeology of Global Rhythms: Melodie der Welt (Melody of the World, 1929) and its Reception in France
Laurent Guido, University of Lille (France)

Chapter 7: When Cinema was Humanism
Karl Schoonover, University of Warwick

Chapter 8: African Cinema: Digital Media and Expanding Frames of Representation
N. Frank Ukadike, Tulane University, New Orleans

Chapter 9: Changing Circumstances: Global Flows of Lesbian Cinema
Patricia White, Swarthmore College

Part 3: Kinships, Identifications, Genres

Chapter 10: Hermano and La hora cero: Violence and Transgressive Subjectivities in Venezuelan Youth Cinema
Luisela Alvaray, DePaul University

Chapter 11: Between Love and the Moral Law: The Fatal Mother in Park Chan-wook’s Sympathy for Lady Vengeance
Peter Y. Paik, Yonsei University (Korea)

Chapter 12: The Queer Mexican Cinema of Julián Hernández
Gilberto M. Blasini, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee

Chapter 13: The Gangster Film as World Cinema
Jian Xu, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee

Chapter 14: Epilogue: 24 Frames: Regarding the Past and Future of Global Cinema
Tami Williams, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee

https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/global-cinema-networks/9780813592725

The focus of this exploratory research is how cultural networks are managed, what characterizes their management style - assumingly less hierarchical and more participatory, what values this style promotes and what is the motivation of managers to take part in it. As a case study, Cultural Innovators Network (CIN) is addressed, as an independent network existing since 2012 and operating in the Mediterranean region.

While researchers have noted that networks have become increasingly present in our societies thanks to process of globalization and technological developments, this work is focusing less on networks as social systems, rather as an organizational model. Furthermore, in literature concerning cultural networks, little has been said about why cultural managers decide to implement non-hierarchical types of management and foster various participatory approaches and values. Therefore, this research takes into account internal group dynamics - among the managers of CIN and between them and the network’s members, in understanding the underlying values, motivations, procedures, interactions, as well as mapping key challenges of running such a network. The idea is to ground management and participatory
ideals into a given context and understand better their implementation. In the case of CIN, it was also important to relate its foundation to a specific geopolitical context - the Arab Spring and cultural diplomacy activities of the Goethe-Institut in the Mediterranean region.

Among the main motivations for cultural managers to take part in the network’s operations were noted constructive and proactive approaches, professional growth, networking, and belief in a similar set of values such as cultural diversity, democracy, experiment and innovation. The use of non-hierarchical management and participatory approaches are seen as ways how to achieve these values and ideals. While the management in this setting becomes more decentralized and shared, focusing on tasks rather than hierarchies, wider participation of network members requires clear ground rules, self-motivation, and often more time for decision-making. Lastly, key challenges and observations are provided in order to offer a constructive feedback and discuss more efficient way of managing a cultural network in a more participatory manner.

This short collective biography of the Founders of the National Trust outlines what personal and professional ties united the Trust's epistemic community in the 1890s and shows how the founders integrated the Trust into wider world of Victorian philanthropy and international preservation.

This is an earlier and substantially lengthier version of the European Commission’s Green Paper on Ports and Maritime Infrastructure, which I had prepared as a member of Commissioner Neil Kinnock’s wise men group.

The Green Paper has often been described as the most influential port policy document ever produced by the EC. The current version does not in any way commit the European Commission and interested readers are advised to refer to the final version of the Green Paper as published by the EC.

The present work requires careful and persistent reading so that the reader bypasses the necessary bureaucratic 'superficiality' and identifies my core arguments which, I am happy to say, have not changed to the slightest in the 15 years since its publication. Many of these arguments had been described as ‘politically dangerous’ and, consequently, did not find their way into the Green Paper. I quote one of them in p.7 (emphasis added):

…The Commission’s White Paper on the future development of the common transport policy  laid down a new vision for transport policy, following the principle of sustainable mobility; i.e. a strategy that acknowledges the need for a more balanced transport system that would fulfil its economic and social role while, at the same time, containing its effects on the environment. The overall objective of such an approach, as clearly described by the European Parliament , is to …promote sustainable, efficient transport systems which meet the economic, social, environmental and safety needs of European citizens; help reduce regional disparities; and enable European business to compete effectively in world markets… Again, the ‘challenge’ is apparent: a more balanced  pan-European transport system with the above objectives is in stark contrast with hub-porting; concentration of traffic to selected ports; longer distances; and consequent transport externalities. It is thus increasingly felt that the European Commission needs to depart from its all-pleasing ‘statements’ and make hard-nosed decisions in order to effectuate its cohesion and regional development objectives which are the overarching ones…(unquote).

A closing note of caution on my use of the word 'superficiality': With remarkable consistency, European institutions involved in the maritime sector have been focusing all along on issues such as safety and environmental protection; issues which, among others, have allowed the proliferation of various monopolies in the port sector. I believe this has not happened accidentally. I believe instead that the focus on the ‘secondary’ has obscured and diverted attention from the ‘primary’, which comprises the ‘politically sensitive’ issues of port pricing; infrastructure financing; state aids; transparency of port accounts; and, finally, a European ‘port governance’ model.

This paper develops and simulates a model of emergence of networks in an interbank, RTGS payment system. A number of banks, faced with random streams of payment orders, choose whether to link directly to the payment system, or to use a correspondent bank. Settling payments directly via the system imposes liquidity costs, which depend on the maximum liquidity overdraft incurred during the day. On the other hand, using a correspondent entails paying a flat fee, charged by the correspondent to recoup liquidity costs and to extract a profit. We specify a protocol whereby banks sequentially choose whether to link directly to the system or to become clients of other banks, thus generating a client-correspondent network. We calibrate our model on real data on the UK payment system, and we compare the networks it produces with i) the true client-correspondent network, ii) the outcomes of two ‘dummy' benchmark models. The model is found to outperform the benchmarks. Its predicted network...

The increasing demand of wireless applications has put a lot of limitations on the use of available radio spectrum is limited and precious resource. Many survey of spectrum utilization shows that entire spectrum is not used at all the times, so many of the radio spectrum is underutilized. Some of the frequency bands in the spectrum are unoccupied, some of the frequency bands less occupied and few bands are over utilized. Cognitive radio system is a technique which overcomes that spectrum underutilization. Cognitive radio is a technique where secondary user looks for a free band to use when primary user is not in use of its licensed band. A function of cognitive radio is called Spectrum sensing which enables to search for the free bands and it helps to detect the spectrum hole (frequency band which is free enough to be used) which can be utilized by secondary user with high spectral resolution capability. The idea of simulation and analysis of Cognitive Radio System to reuse unused spectrum to increase the total system capacity was brought in this paper and this work digs into the practical implementation of a Cognitive radio system. MATLAB R2007b (version7.5) has been used to test the performance of Cognitive radio dynamically

We integrate theories from international business, entrepreneurship, innovation, marketing and
network economics to develop a four-part typology of ‘consumers as international entrepreneurs’. This
broadens the concept of international entrepreneurship and complements the firm-level focus
customary in research on international new ventures and entrepreneurs within those ventures. We
develop our arguments in the context of the new economy and discuss areas for investigation in this
emerging area of inquiry.

With the advent of the World Wide Web and the emergence of e-commerce applications and social networks, organizations across the world generate a large amount of data daily. Data security is the utmost critical issue in ensuring safe transmission of information through the internet. Also network security issues are now becoming important as society is moving towards digital information age. As more and more users connect to the internet it attracts a lot of cyber-criminals. It comprises authorization of access to information in a network, controlled by the network administrator. The task of network security not only requires ensuring the security of end systems but of the entire network. In this paper, an attempt has been made to review the various Network Security and Cryptographic concepts. This paper discusses the state of the art for a broad range of cryptographic algorithms that are used in networking applications.

Over the past century, metropolitan regions have become the dominant economic units in global society. The multiple networks of organizations that govern growth in metropolises extend far beyond the geographic bounds of any particular region, and involve multiple levels of government. Large institutional networks are the emerging form of these multi-scalar interactions.
That metropolitan region planning institutions are comprised of this new composite, termed multiscalar
large institutional networks (MSLIN), has implications for theory, practice, and research,
because they evolve, learn, and act on emergent phenomena and via emergent processes in
extraordinarily complex and dynamic settings in ways radically distinct from individual
organizations and institutions. This article assesses institutional theory in this framework by
examining metropolitan infrastructure planning in Madrid, Barcelona, and San Diego.

In 2006, a headline from USA Today read: “Study: 25% of Americans Have No One to Confide In.”  The related story described that between 1985 and 2004, the number of people the average American felt they could discuss important matters with (known as a “close-tie”) had shrunk from three to two people.  The study referenced in the article had been published by the American Sociological Review, and was based on information generated through the General Social Survey (GSS) - a sociological survey used to collect data on demographic characteristics and attitudes of residents of the United States.  It was further outlined that one in four Americans had no close confidants at all, thus inferring that social isolation was on the rise.
The study has been retested several times, by scholars such as Mathew Brashears, to find out if the initial findings on the dwindling number of close ties were simply an anomaly, however each retest resulted in the same “shrinking network” conclusion.  It was not until a study was conducted that focused on the users of online Social Networking Sites (SNS) was conducted by the PEW Research Center, that an increase in close relationships of a new breed was observed.  Consequently, one must wonder if and how there may exist a connection between use of online SNS and offline relationships.  Specifically, does the use of online SNS act as a substitute or as a companion to offline social networks?  Furthermore, does the use of online SNS demonstrate a move against this finding and toward a growing core network?

In enterprise networks, the concept of bringing your own devices (BYOD) to work and also allowing guest nodes to connect to the network is encouraged. As a factor the need to control access to the network is critical as visibility of nodes attached to the network is paramount in determining potential threats. The use of opensource technology is not mostly patronized by the corporate world because of the steep learning curve and the assumed complexities involved in the use of these software. This paper throws more light on the need for the use of opensource for enterprise networks especially for such networks for developing economies. Three major open source tools (OpenNAC, PacketFence and FreeNAC) are reviewed to provide a mechanism for assessing and selecting an opensource option for your educational network.