Time-Delay Systems

It is the objective of this article to investigate the influence of surface preparation on the cold roll bonding (CRB) process. In this context, the effects of surface preparation parameters consisting of surface preparation method, surface roughness, scratch-brushing parameters, and the delay time between surface preparation and rolling are investigated on the bond strength of aluminum strips. The bond strength of two adjacent aluminum strips produced by the CRB process is evaluated by the peeling test. Furthermore, the interface region is investigated by metallographic observations. Our findings indicate that higher surface roughness values and shorter delay times improve the bond strength. It is also found that degreasing followed by scratch-brushing yield the best bonding properties.

We introduce a differential equation for star formation in galaxies that incorporates negative feedback with a delay. When the feedback is instantaneous, solutions approach a self-limiting equilibrium state. When there is a delay, even though the feedback is negative, the solutions can exhibit cyclic and episodic solutions. We find that periodic or episodic star formation only occurs when two conditions

This study examined whether individuals with substance dependence (ISDs) show impairments in working memory and whether there is a relationship between their impairments in decision making as measured by the gambling task (GT) paradigm and working memory as measured by a delayed nonmatching to sample (DNMS) task. Using the GT, 11% of healthy control participants and 61% of ISDs opted for choices with high immediate gains in spite of higher future losses. For the ISDs and controls with equal GT impairments, the ISDs performed significantly lower than controls on the DNMS task. The nonimpaired ISDs on the GT also performed significantly worse than matched controls on the DNMS task. The DNMS task deficit in ISDs was across all delay times, suggesting the deficit may lie in the "executive" process of working memory, which supports earlier findings (E. M. Martin et al., 2003). The authors suggest that the prefrontal cortex hosts multiple distinct mechanisms of decision making and inhibitory control and that ISDs may be affected in any one or combination of them.

A new theory of oscillatory zoning in naturally grown plagioclase crystals is presented. This describes explicitly the coupling between the interface kinetics and the diffusion of chemical species in the melt. The crystal growth rate R responds with a finite delay time to concentration ...

... Con-sidering that the Superior Province was constructed largely from the addition of mantle-derived material between 3100 and 2600 Ma (Card 1990) and that the Grenville Province comprises tectonically stacked slices of reworked Archean and Proterozoic rock assemblages ...

This paper addresses the global stability of a two-species Lotka-Volterra cooperative system with four discrete delays via the method of Lyapunov functionals. We apply our Lyapunov functional techniques to prove stability of Lotka-Volterra models of mutualism with two delays or without delays. We note that, if all the delayed feedbacks are positive then the stability properties are independent of the values of the delays. We compare our results with known results.

Keywords: Lotka-Volterra cooperative system, discrete delays, delayed positive feedback, Lyapunov functional, global stability.

The delay time or time lag, i.e. the time to reach the stationary state, represents, all together with the permeation, the dinamics of the diffusive process, and is of large use and usefulness to characterize the mass transport through polymeric films. Is important because is a measure of the difusive dinamics, and also because it depends on sorption equilibrium. We

Cloud gaming is an emerging technology that combines cloud computing with computer games. Compared to traditional gaming, its core advantages include ease of development/deployment for developers, and lower technology costs for users given the potential to play on thin client devices. In this chapter, we firstly describe the approach, and then focus on the impact of latency, known as lag, on Quality of Experience, for so-called First Person Shooter games. We outline our approach to lag compensation whereby we equalize within reason the up and downlink delays in real-time for all players. We describe the testbed in detail, the open source Gaming Anywhere platform, the use of NTP to synchronise time, the network emulator and the role of the centralized log server. We then present results that firstly validate the mechanism and also use small scale and preliminary subjective tests to assess and prove its performance. We conclude the chapter by outlining ongoing and future work.

This paper examines the management of contract delays in the construction industry as currently
practised, and suggests some best practice alternative methods. Research results
about the level of contractor’s time management skills were analysed to determine the related
impact on their ability to manage contract delays. A comparison was made between three
conditions of contracts used in New Zealand to determine how delay management should be
managed with a discussion about how the different contract conditions distribute risk among
the parties. Recommendations were made to improve contract conditions, up-skill industry
practitioners and ensure student graduates have adequate delay management skills.

Elimination of the p-MOS transistor from the pass gate network significantly reduces the parasitic capacitances associated with each node in the circuit, thus, the operation speed is typically higher as compared to the CMOS counterpart. But then the improvement in the transient characteristics comes at the price of increased process complexity. In Complementary pass transistor logic (CPL) circuit, the threshold voltage of the n-MOS transistors in the pass gate network must be reduced to about the zero voltage through threshold adjustments implants in order to eliminate the threshold voltage drop. Thus on the other hand reduces the overall noise immunity and makes the transistor more susceptible to sub threshold conduction in the off mode. Presented CPL design style is highly modular as a wide range of function can be realized by using this basic pass transistor structure.

Flight control with large time delays and reduced sensory feedback is characteristic for two example applications: remote flight control via high-latency radio links and on-board flight control using brain-machine interfaces (BMI). This thesis first describes and models the characteristic, pulse-like pilot behavior associated with large time delays. It then presents a flight control system tailored to this behavior. It concludes with the description of several flight simulator experiments, in which the models and the flight control system were evaluated and aerospace methods were applied to BMI control.

Recently, power semiconductor devices that combine the technology of MOS turn-off and bipolar conduction have been introduced for operation at high voltage and current levels. The MOS turn off thyristor (MTOTM) is a switching device based on the gate turn off thyristor. This paper is devoted to presenting the results from a study performed to examine the operating characteristics of

Morowali Regency is one of the new autonomous regions in Central Sulawesi Province which was established in 1999 as a result of the division of Poso District. As a new autonomous region, of course the need for facilities and infrastructure for building construction is increasing. However, the construction does not always run smoothly, one of the important problems in the implementation of construction projects is the delay. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that of the study was the Commitment Making Officers and Service Providers namely contractors and supervisory consultants totaling 108 respondents in the Office of Public Works and Spati Teaching and the Regional General Hospital. By using the factor analysis method (SPSS 17) the research results are obtained, that there are 6 factors consisting of 26 variables that cause delays in building construc Morowali Regency, namely location and equipment characteristic factors, changes in work document factors, material and equipment factors, factors communication, inspection system factors, job control and evaluation factors and managerial facto Keywords-Delay; Building Projects Morowali Regency is one of the new autonomous regions in Central Sulawesi Province, which was founded in 1999. As a new autonomous region, the need for infrastructure for building con construction does not always run smoothly, one of the important problems in the implementation of construction activities or projects is the delay. As we know together that delays occur in almost every construction pro In the implementation of each construction work has a specific plan and implementation schedule, when the implementation of the work must begin, when it must be carried out how the work should be done and how the provision of resources. Planning construction plan was made. Therefore problems can arise if there is a mismatch between the plans that have been made with the actual reality. So that the punctuality of work get the trust of the owner of the activity. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, Which Permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Morowali Regency is one of the new autonomous regions in Central Sulawesi Province which was established in 1999 as a result of the division of Poso District. As a new autonomous region, of course the need for astructure for building construction is increasing. However, the construction does not always run smoothly, one of the important problems in the implementation of construction projects is the delay. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that cause delays in building construction work in Morowali Regency. The sample of the study was the Commitment Making Officers and Service Providers namely contractors and supervisory consultants totaling 108 respondents in the Office of Public Works and Spati Teaching and the Regional General Hospital. By using the factor analysis method (SPSS 17) the research results are obtained, that there are 6 factors consisting of 26 variables that cause delays in building construc Morowali Regency, namely location and equipment characteristic factors, changes in work document factors, material and equipment factors, factors communication, inspection system factors, job control and evaluation factors and managerial factors. Building Projects; Factor Analysis; I. INTRODUCTION Morowali Regency is one of the new autonomous regions in Central Sulawesi Province, which was founded in 1999. As a new autonomous region, the need for infrastructure for building con construction does not always run smoothly, one of the important problems in the implementation of construction activities or projects is the delay. As we know together that delays occur in almost every construction pro In the implementation of each construction work has a specific plan and implementation schedule, when the implementation of the work must begin, when it must be carried out how the work should be done and how the provision of resources. Planning a construction work always refers to the estimates that existed at the time the construction plan was made. Therefore problems can arise if there is a mismatch between the plans that have been made with the actual reality. So that the punctuality of work get the trust of the owner of the activity.

A strategy for adaptive control and energetic optimization of aerobic fermentors was implemented, with both air flow and agitation speed as manipulated variables. This strategy is separable in its components: control, optimization, estimation. We optimized parameter’s estimation (from the usual KLa correlation) using sinusoidal excitation of air flow and agitation speed. We have implemented parameter’s estimation trough recursive least squares algorithm with forgetting factor. We carried separate essays on control, optimization and estimation algorithms. We carried our essays using an original computational simulation environment, with noise and delay generating facilities for data sampling and filtering.

Our results show the convergence and robustness of the estimation algorithm used, improved with use of both forgetting factor and KLa dead-band facilities. Control algorithm used in our work compares favorably with PID using the integrated area criteria for deviation between oxygen molarity and critical molarity (set point). Optimization algorithm clearly reduces energetic consumption, respecting critical molarity. Integration of control, optimization and adaptive algorithms was implemented, but future work is needed for stability. Methods were defined and implemented for stability improvement. We have implemented data acquisition and computer manipulation of air flow and agitation speed for actual fermentors.

This paper deals with dynamic behaviors on Hopfield type of ring neural network of four neurons having a pair of short-cut connections with multiple time delays. By suitable transformation and under certain assumptions on multiple time delays, the model is reduced to four dimensional nonlinear delay differential equations with three delays. Regarding these time delays as parameters, delay independent sufficient conditions for no stability switches of the trivial equilibrium of the linearized system are derived. Conditions for stability switching with respect to one delay parameter which is not associated with short-cut connection are obtained. Hopf bifurcations with respect to two other delays which are associated with short-cut connection are also obtained. Using the normal form method and center manifold theory, the direction of the Hopf bifurcation, stability and the properties of Hopf-bifurcating periodic solutions are determined. Using numerical simulations of the nonlinear model, different rich dynamical behaviors such as quasiperiodicity, torus attractor and chaotic-bands are also observed for suitable range of three delay parameters. Lyapunov exponents are also calculated using the AnT 4.669 tool for verification of chaotic dynamics.