Urban And Regional Planning

In this historical phase, cities are intensely crossed by processes and practices of appropriation and re-appropriation of places and life environments. Motivations are at different levels: necessity, political and personal. The fieldwork shows, however, another reason, namely a need for urbanity and quality of urban life. Space is the medium of all these experiences. Places and everyday life have a strong centrality in them. In fact, these experiences find in the texture and spatiality of places their solidification point, their drive and motivation, often their raison d'être, as well as an activator for their passion. A place is a material and significant space, which precipitates the linear chronographic time and turns it into everyday lifetime. The process of self-organization in / with the territory becomes a principle and a process of individuation. Finally, some experiences directly and explicitly pose questions about the modes of production of politics and institutions, thus entering into a broad debate.

PhD Thesis Abstract_1995

A feature of cities in developing areas is the migration of industries from their former points of concentration to new locations as the metropolitan areas grow and expand. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine in a holistic way, the spatio-temporal linkages between places of residence and places of work, using selected relocated manufacturing establishments and workers as samples, with a view to explaining the interrelationships between variables of relocation patterns for purposes of policy formulation for strategic planning and for further research on healthy and sustainable cities. The theoretical framework for this study states that a manufacturing firm of a particular type will relocate at a site with particular attributes, in such a way that the selected location is optimal to the firm in an urban area, subject to state intervention as a constraint, but a necessary measure designed to ensure that the externalities of firm relocation decisions do not prove detrimental to people and communities, and guarantee an equitable and balanced allocation of scarce resources in the urban area. The study reveals that there is a jobs-housing imbalance in Metropolitan Lagos, that is, there is no optimal spatio-temporal linkage between industrial migration and residential relocation patterns. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) between manufacturing firms’ present locations/rings and workers’ present locations/rings is 0.2038 (20% of recorded cases), while r = 0.4813 (48% of recorded cases) both at 0.001 level, between manufacturing firms’ dates of migration and workers’ dates of relocation. Secondly, industries in concentrated and non-concentrated locations show a significant difference in their relocation behaviours; pooled ‘t’-value is -1.94 at 268 degrees of freedom which is statistically significant at 0.05. Thirdly, while small firms tend to relocate in centralized areas for reason of availability of essential infrastructure services, larger firms tend to relocate in suburban areas which provide larger production spaces. The 2-Way ANOVA technique yielded an F value of 14.182 which is significant at 0.05 level.
Finally, as plant’s distance from the CBD increases, two events occur: (i) the level of satisfaction of firms with infrastructure services and workers’ satisfaction with housing and transport incentives diminishes, and (ii) the proportion of workers who reside and work in the same industrial zone/ring decreases. To redress the observed imbalance and related problems between jobs and housing in cities public policy must focus attention on a number of issues. These include the formulation by both the Lagos State and Ogun State Governments of a politically and administratively convenient geographic area within which to form common jobs/housing balance areas which recognise the emerging continuum of urban development in the two neighbouring states. Industries should be located in housing-rich areas and housing in job-rich areas, so as to reduce the extension of long-distance commuting to industrial areas where housing is scarce. Relocation policies have to be based on a sound knowledge of the sets of determinants of relocation patterns if they are to succeed. Furthermore, State intervention is inevitable through the imposition of sanctions on undesirable firm relocation plans, and improvement of physical and social infrastructures in cities.
Finally, a Nigerian Employee Relocation Council (NERC) should be established to monitor and resolve problems relating to industrial/residential relocation in cities.

Resum: L’article revisa els ensenyaments que, a parer de l’autor, poden derivar-se del procés d’elaboració i aprovació del Pla Territorial Metropolità de Barcelona, aprovat pel Govern de la Generalitat de Catalunya l’any 2010. El treball es divideix en tres apartat: en el primer, s’ofereix una panoràmica dels reiterats intents fallits de dotar d’un sistema de govern el territori de la regió metropolitana de Barcelona d’ençà de mitjans del segle XX; el segon apartat s’indica com, en aquest context, l’aprovació del PTMB, acordada entre els ens locals de l’àmbit i el Govern de la Generalitat constitueix una notable excepció; finalment, en el tercer apartat es desgranen deu ensenyaments que, pel govern del territori es deriven del procés d’elaboració, tramitació, aprovació i vigència del Pla.

This article contains information about the importance of preserving the historical objects as a vital condition of a normal development of historical cities. The main legislative and regulatory documents in the fields of protecting of cultural heritage, preserving the traditional character and reconstructing of the lost objects are mentioned.
The analysis of the legislation of preserving the objects of cultural heritage, the current regulations and practices of their implementation in Ukraine give grounds for considering importance of improving the regulations with the consideration of numerous violations of conditions and restrictions of urban planning of the cities with the status of historical sites.
One of the important topics of the formation of traditional historical character is the re-creation of the lost objects of cultural heritage with the consideration of their role in the city-forming, using as an example the reconstructed in 1999-2010 the Transfiguration Cathedral in Odessa.

In this paper, concept mapping is suggested as a methodological catalyst for organizational learning. Concept mapping, by virtue of its psychological and sociological foundations, offers a way to simultaneously understand complex systems in terms of both intra- and inter-personal relationships. We posit that key stakeholders, when taken together, represent the organization as a bounded unit and set the stage for

The city of Rijeka/Fiume underwent an array of transitions in the long twentieth
century, from the port of Hungary in the Dual Monarchy to a free
city, to D´Annunzio´s Italian Regency of Carnaro, annexation by Italy, incorporation
into Yugoslavia, and eventually the independence of Croatia. The
article examines the processes of urban reconstruction and architectural reconfigurations
in the city as “frontier urbanism”, building on Wendy Pullan’s
(2011) discussion of how various actors employ architectural and place-making
practices to secure the state in contested urban space. The article traces
Rijeka/Fiume´s urban development as a window of fixating state identities
in the built environment throughout the century, focusing on the aftermath
of the Second World War. It examines the urban transformations of the city
as the demographic landscape was reshaped after the departure of the local
Italian-speaking majority and the arrival of workers from various parts of
Yugoslavia, but also from Italy. By analysing decisions to rebuild or not
buildings damaged by war, as well as the demolition of the 1943-built votive
temple in Mlaka, the article inquires how reconstruction and urban planning
became avenues to secure the state at its new frontiers.

Abstract:  This paper presents an argument for considering issues of class in analyses of communicative planning projects. In these projects, class interests tend to be obscured by the contemporary preoccupation with the class-ambiguous category of “community”. Through a case study of a project of urban redevelopment at King's Cross in London, we conceptualize and map class interests in an urban redevelopment project. Three aspects of the planning process that contain clear class effects are looked at: the amount of office space, the flexibility of plans, and the appropriation of the urban environment as exchange or use value. These aspects structure the urban redevelopment but are external to the communicative planning process. The opposition to the redevelopment has in the planning discourse been articulated as “community”-based rather than in class-sensitive terms. We finally present three strategies for reinserting issues of class into planning theory and practice.

This volume has been prepared under the auspices of the project entitled, ‘Competition Reforms in Key Markets for Enhancing Social & Economic Welfare in Developing Countries’ (CREW Project). This project was implemented by CUTS in four countries: Ghana, India, Philippines and Zambia, and across two common sectors: Staple Food and Bus Transport with the support from DFID (UK) and BMZ (Germany) facilitated by GIZ (Germany). The aim of the project was to highlight the relevance of competition reforms for social and economic welfare in developing countries, and motivate other countries, governments and development partners to accord greater attention to the subject of competition reforms. In view of this overall aim of the project, with inputs from the project advisers CUTS designed the final conference of the CREW project on a broader theme to talk about ‘Relevance of Competition & Regulatory Reforms in Pursuing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Developing Countries’. The theme was thought to be both contemporary and relevant in view of the adoption of the SDGs a couple of months before this final conference. In addition to the support it received from DFID (UK), BMZ (Germany) and GIZ (Germany), the conference also received support from the World Bank, G-77 Secretariat and the OECD. CUTS is grateful to all the above organisations for supporting the conference, and indeed also the production of this volume. We acknowledge the support from the members of the Project Advisory Committee of the CREW project, who contributed to make this conference a grand success. Special thanks to Clement Onyango and colleagues at CUTS Nairobi for their support and tireless efforts in the run-up and during the conference. We gratefully acknowledge the hard work and patience of all the paper authors for contributing extremely interesting individual chapters to this volume. We are also thankful to those friends of CUTS who reviewed the draft papers – Eleanor Fox, Tania Begazo/Martha Licetti (World Bank), Rafaelita Aldaba, R S Khemani, Frederic Jenny, Payal Malik, Allan Fels, David Ong’olo, Ashwini Swain, Peter Holmes and John Davies/Lynn Robertson (OECD). We are indebted to Mukhisa Kituyi, Secretary General, UNCTAD for writing an encouraging Foreword – and we hope to continue to receive his and UNCTAD’s support. We greatly appreciate the diligence of Madhuri Vasnani and Garima Shrivastava for editing and Mukesh Tyagi for preparing the layout of this report. Special thanks are due to Ashutosh Soni for his excellent coordination of communication with authors and reviewers of papers of this volume. We acknowledge the efforts of all the members of the CREW team, especially Cornelius Dube, Shreya Kaushik and Neha Tomar. Last but not the least, this report would not have seen the light of the day without the skillful direction, and overall guidance of Pradeep S Mehta, Secretary General, CUTS. He took special interest in this volume and went through each and every paper carefully himself. Words alone cannot convey our sincere gratitude to each and every individual who have contributed in every small way towards bringing out this volume. But it is only words that this world thrives on. We express our sincere gratefulness to all such individuals, without whom the publication of this volume would not have been possible.

Since the late 1990s, voluntary travel behaviour change (VTBC) has been an increasingly popular strategy in Australia, applied to reduce both reliance on the car and greenhouse gas emissions. Early efforts to evaluate the impact of this strategy were generally implemented by the agency that also implemented the policy and used small sample, self-report surveys. The paper starts out by discussing the nature and size of travel behaviour changes that are frequently expected in current policy, noting that these are often smaller than the sampling and measurement errors in traditional methods of measuring travel behaviour. The paper then discusses some alternative methods of evaluating voluntary travel behaviour change implementations using panels to reduce sampling error, and using a combination of personal Global Positioning System devices and odometer reading surveys to measure travel patterns. From these considerations, a number of guidelines are suggested for what is required to evaluate voluntary travel behaviour change. The paper describes three recent case studies in Australia in which such methods have been used and evaluates the methodological approaches used in these studies against the suggested guidelines.

This paper is about the necessity of adopting a new approach to urban planning subsequent to the coronavirus crisis. It is argued that this crisis / disaster has brought forward a need to adapt the current planning thought and practice to respond more efficiently to the necessities of such crisis /disasters.

This article contains information about the importance of preserving the historical objects
as a vital condition of a normal development of historical cities. The main legislative and regulatory
documents in the fields of protecting of cultural heritage, preserving the traditional character and
reconstructing of the lost objects are mentioned.
The analysis of the legislation of preserving the objects of cultural heritage, the current regulations
and practices of their implementation in Ukraine give grounds for considering importance of improving the
regulations with the consideration of numerous violations of conditions and restrictions of urban planning of
the cities with the status of historical sites.
One of the important topics of the formation of traditional historical character is the re-creation of the
70
lost objects of cultural heritage with the consideration o f their role in the city-forming, using as an example the
reconstructed in 1999-2010 the Transfiguration Cathedral in Odessa.
Key words: legislation and regulations o f preserving the objects of cultural heritage, historical
environment, the reconstruction of the lost objects

This paper focuses on the specific role of mid-range universities in knowledge transfer and explores the knowledge flows from these mid-range universities which face a number of additional constraints in transitional Central Eastern European (CEE) regions. The first part focuses on the theoretical framework of knowledge transfers and on the types of university–industry linkages involving knowledge transfer in the case of mid-range universities. The next section examines the development path and specific trajectories of universities in post-communist countries. The following sections draw on the findings of the ERAWATCH research and focus on cases from the non-metropolitan regions of Hungary and the Czech Republic in order to examine the specific barriers to knowledge transfer and explain the reasons behind the traditionally weaker role of mid-range universities. The paper argues that ambitious university-based developmental models have to be revised in CEE regions and the future development role of universities has to be reconsidered from a more realistic perspective.

Based on a collaboration of Italian and U.S. scholars, this book presents co-generated, grounded practice stories, or “profiles of practitioners” in the emerging 21st Century Italian context. In the last twenty years, John Forester has argued that first person voice, practice-focused oral histories can make significant contributions to undergraduate and graduate education, in both urban studies and professional planning programs. As the same time, by exploring roles and responsibilities of contemporary urban planners, Daniela De Leo has tried to “push the boundaries” of what could be considered the “Italian real domain” of urban planning, since for many years the main part of Italian planners’ activities oriented to transforming cities and spaces has involved far more than producing Masterplans or urban design projects. [...]

Martínez, C. 2013. Lineamientos ambientales para la planificación territorial. Guía de aplicación, un aporte para la actualización de los PDOT de los GAD. Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Conservación Internacional Ecuador, Programa BioCAN, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund. Quito, Ecuador.

P[art]icipatory urbanisms (please also visit www.part-urbs.com) is a web publication interrogating the “participatory turn” in contemporary urban studies, performance studies, and art practice. The bracketed [art] in the title of this publication refers to participatory urban aesthetic practices which could include community, social, or relational art initiatives, but also more general claims by city residents, city workers or activists on the visible and sensible aspects of public space. Bracketing the [art] in ‘participation’ also suggests a blurring of the conventional separation between the aesthetic and the political dimensions of urban participation.

The publication has two components. The first, is an interactive platform of interviews featuring the praxes of twenty participatory urban practitioners and collectives in the cities of São Paulo, Brazil and New Delhi, India. The interviews map the multiple and disjunctive ways in which ‘participation’ is enacted—from mobile performances of poetry and theater, to citizen journalism on gentrification in Sao Paulo’s old city center, to radical neighborhood pedagogical initiatives in Savda Ghevra, a New Delhi resettlement colony, and in Grajau, a southern periphery neighborhood of São Paulo. The interviews trace how urban actors create politico-aesthetic ruptures; experience and experiment with the material and affective force of participation; and potentially reshape the urban imaginary. The interviews also speak to the limits of participatory working processes in the face of small budgets and divided spaces. The cities of São Paulo and New Delhi were chosen as sites for this project for the comparisons that their similar size and positions in global urban imaginations and political economy enable, and for the enduring histories of participatory urban activity in both spaces.

A second element of this publication is a peer-reviewed anthology of twenty articles expanding methodological and theoretical debates around the themes of urban participation and its entanglement with state power, aesthetic praxis, racialized and queer spaces, citizenship, temporality, publics, and infrastructure. Contributions to the anthology span a broad range of disciplines and engage research from diverse geographic and temporal sites–from the occupation of a theater in Athens amidst the Greek economic crisis, to agonistic politics and participatory video art in a New Delhi urban village, to the cartographic interventions of a Harlem mailman in Jim Crow-era America. The form of writing extends beyond traditional scholarly articles to include ethnographic reflections, case studies, and photo essays.

This dissertation examines Istanbul as a geographical and historical totality and focuses on four different and integral parts of this totality: its Ottoman past, its dalliances with modern planning attempts, the city’s death throes in the face of rabid industrialization efforts, and its first true real estate boom. These divergent parts are scrutinized through the relationship between the state and space.
This work investigates the different modes a city takes under different configurations of a state composed of, but not limited to, cultural, ethnic, religious, class-based, formal, and spatial elements. By studying Istanbul alone, it is possible to gauge divergent trajectories of the production of space that the city takes.
The changes in Istanbul’s state-spaces are studied in five stages: the first involves the urban theory that engendered my critical stance on Istanbul and the production of space and how revolutionary urbanism can be harnessed to a re-evaluation of a semiperipheral metropolis.
The second part is related to an attempt in unraveling the early modern historical characteristics of the city and its overdetermining role in the formation of state mechanisms.
The third part unearths the rupture that modernity instigated in the urban fabric and conjoining state institutions and mentalities that shaped the city.
The fourth part focuses on the industrialization and population boom of the second part of the 20th century and locates the consequence of social developments in the urban space: the squatter settlements, the gecekondus.
The fifth part grasps the cycles of boom and bust in the real estate investments in Istanbul and is concerned in the concrete production of space of the five decades since 1965. Amidst the interplay of various elements, the emergent middle class in Istanbul and its social and historical moorings in the urban built environment are revealed to be rooted in the erstwhile squatters, in the gecekondu areas.

Building into the historic fabric has largely become one of the principal challenges of contemporary architecture. Unshackled from the messianic promises of Modernism and its large-scale programs of substitution of the ‘old’ with a cleansed a-chronic ‘new’, societies and architects alike stand emancipated against their own built legacy. Since the ‘90s, the same applies to the preservationist fixations that see heritage in the terms of artifacts maintained as lifeless testaments of their past .
In itself, the idea of heritage brings forth one of the most fundamental aspects in mankind’s endeavor for self-preservation and evolution, namely to preserve human values and memory. In these terms, safeguarding heritage becomes an act of responsibility involving equally an ethical stance, normative policy, and technical expertise. Nevertheless ‘cultural heritage’ is hardly exhausted as a mere catalog of artifacts that show ‘outstanding universal value’ , mainly because culture itself is embedded and evolving in the fabric of everyday practices and the living memory of the community.
The act of building in such context becomes case-specific, taking into account the esthetic and cultural valuations of the setting, as well as the preservation and empowerment of an ecosystem of human production. As such, it reflects both social bonds and the trace of an accumulated intellect. The problem ultimately becomes a call for ‘good practices’, informed by an elevated awareness of our individual and collective responsibilities. Once we deem it ‘architecture’, it becomes an almost Herculean task since all new proposals must stand their place from a glorified past that sometimes stretches to the point of myth.

This paper analyses the determinants of transport costs for intra-Latin American trade over a period of six years (1999-2004). The data refer to yearly disaggregated (SITC 5 digit level) maritime trade flows on 277 trade routes. With this data set, a transport costs equation is estimated using linear regression analysis in a panel data framework. The first contribution to the

Urbanization refers to the increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas and it leads to the urban expansion. Urban expansion is the indications of urbanization and it greatly affects socioeconomic growth and the decision making process for urban development policies. Therefore analyzing the patterns of land use change is an essential issue and it is needed for land use planning and future land management. Kolkata is one of the major metropolitan cities in India. The percentage of land use change in the 'City of Joy' is less in city core areas and it is much high in city peripheral areas. The physical expansion of the city grew linearly in south-easterly and south-westerly direction beside the eastern side of the river Hooghly as we have seen in the recent satellite imageries. Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA) is spread over 1875.04 Sq.km (Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority, 2006). To analyse the expansion of the Kolkata city Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) tool has been applied because it is very useful tool for analyzing land use changes on spatio-temporal scale. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the spatial expansion of Kolkata city and to study the growth rate in the municipalities around Kolkata city within Kolkata Metropolitan Area. Side by side an effort has been done to find out the spatial patterns of land use change and vegetation cover change and lastly to identify the patterns of recent land use change within Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA).

Esta publicación es producto de la selección y edición de los mejores trabajos presentados durante las Terceras Jornadas de Planificación para el Desarrollo, que se celebraron en paralelo con el seminario internacional “Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible y la Construcción de Futuros para América Latina y el Caribe”, organizado en Santiago de Chile, del 18 al 20 de mayo de 2016, por el Instituto Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Planificación Económica y Social (ILPES) de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). Este seminario se desarrolló en el marco de las actividades del convenio de cooperación técnica entre la CEPAL y la República de Corea.

The architect and planner Michel Ecochard has had a long career in developing countries, from its first works in Syria under the French rule, until the 1970s. He represented the modernist and functionalist approach to planning in a time of modernization. In this article, we concentrate on his work in Lebanon and Syria between the end of the 1950s and the 1960s. He prepared the master plans of Beirut and of Damascus. Those works represented the end of an era rooted in colonial planning. It was also the beginning of a new time, with the local planners taking on, sometimes sharing, sometimes contesting Ecochard's visions. Building on recent scholarship on the circulation of planning ideas, we focus on the reception of Ecochard's proposals. Though most political elites and planning professionals shared most of Ecochard's views, the political circumstances and the changing social conditions led to adjustments and reorientations. The new planning framework was also a major factor of change.

In the United Kingdom Permian and Triassic halite (rock salt) deposits have been affected by natural and artificial dissolution producing karstic landforms and subsidence. Brine springs from the Triassic salt have been exploited since Roman times, or possibly earlier, indicating prolonged natural dissolution. Medieval salt extraction in England is indicated by the of place names ending in “wich” indicating brine spring exploitation at Northwich, Middlewich, Nantwich and Droitwich. Later, Victorian brine extraction in these areas accentuated salt karst development causing severe subsidence problems that remain a legacy. The salt was also mined, but the mines flooded and consequent brine extraction caused the workings to collapse, resulting in catastrophic surface subsidence. Legislation was enacted to pay for the damage and a levy is still charged for salt extraction. Some salt mines are still collapsing and the re-establishment of the post-brine extraction hydrogeological regimes means that salt springs may again flow causing further dissolution and potential collapse.