Waste Management

The problem of food waste (FW) has become a global issue nowadays and Malaysia is on the other hand, treating FW as part of MSW just because separation of FW management does not exist.  The country is trying its best to solve the fundamental problem of municipal solid waste management by finding the most environmentally friendly solutions that are acceptable to the public. The methodology used for this study is a literature reviews, variable decision-making tools are used such as Decision Matrix, SUSOP and WRATE and also site visits. Site visits were done to get a clear view of the AD process and the plant management itself. Decision Matrix will compare four technologies that are suitable to implement in Malaysia that are Anaerobic Digestion, Composting, Incineration and Landfilling. Results shows that AD is suitable to implement due to the factor of sustainability, renewable energy, considerate capital cost if build in small scale and the lifetime. AD will solve the problem of kitchen and food waste in Malaysia by diverting the waste from landfill and gain benefit by generating renewable energy.

Çöplerin birikmesini takiben çürümeyle birlikte kimyasal ve bakteriyel süreçler başlamakta ve organik çöp materyalleri dönüşüme uğrayarak çöpler dekompoze olmakta ve gaz oluşumu çöplerin kapatılmasını izleyen üç aylık aerobik reaksiyonların ardından başlayan anaerobik stabilizasyonu reaksiyonlarla başlar ve bir süre giderek çoğalır, Neticede biogas türü olan çöplük gazına dönüşmektedir. Çöplük gazı; Metan (CH 4), Karbondioksid (CO2) ve Azot (N2) den oluşan bir gaz karışımıdır.Kontrolsüz Metan gazının kendisi hali hazırda adeta bir saatli bombadır. Maden Ocaklarındaki grizu patlamasının sabıkalısı olan gazdır o. Gazın oluşumu çöpün cinsi,çöplüklerin örtüsü,çöplüğün işletilme şekline bağlı olarak değişir. Kötü koku yaymanın vereceği rahatsızlığın yanısıra çöplük gazlan; çevreyi menfi yönde etkilemekte,kirletmekte ve potansiyel riskler taşımaktadır. Bu olumsuz negatif etkiler içinden sağlık açısından bir tehdit olduğu gibi çöp sahalarındaki metan gazı salınımı bitkilerin oluşumunu da engeller. Habitat fauna ve flora etkilenir. Diğer yandan gaz sıkışması nedeniyle,(yakın zamanda Mayıs(2017) ayında Bodrum'da ki patlama ve yangında olduğu gibi) patlama tehlikesi ve yangın riski taşır hatta bu yangının yayılması ormanlara sıçradığında da doğayı tahrip etme riski taşır. Ayrıca çöplük gazlan; sera etkisini arttırdığı ve ozon tabakasının üst katmanlarına zarar verdiğinden dolayı çöplük gazlarının atmosfere atılması yasaktır ve Doğanın korunması için çöplük gazlarının yakılarak imha edilmesi zorunludurBu bir gaz yakma bacasında, kazanda, bir gaz motorunda veyahut üçünün kombinasyonundan oluşan bir sistemde gerçekleştirebilmektedir. Fotograf : http://www.eprenewable.com/landfill-gas-to-energy Diğer yandan çöp sahasında açılan kuyular aracılığıyla metan gazının toplanıp borular vasıtasıyla ile " Enerji Tesisine " iletilimesi sonrası gaz kurutucuda soğutularak nemi alındıktan sonra siklon seperatör ile gazdaki suyun ayrıştırılmasını müteakip blower " lar aracılığı ile

The book points out that rural regions need proper attention at the global level concerning solid waste management sector where bad practices and public health threats could be avoided through traditional and integrated waste management
routes. Solid waste management in rural areas is a key issue in developing and transitioning countries due to the lack of proper waste management facilities and services. The book further examines, on the one hand, the main challenges in the development of reliable waste management practices across rural regions and, on the other hand, the concrete solutions and the new opportunities across the world in dealing with municipal and agricultural wastes. The book provides useful information for academics, various professionals, the members of civil society, and national and local authorities.

In order to assist researchers explore the full potential of distributed recycling of post-consumer polymer waste, this article describes a recyclebot, which is a waste plastic extruder capable of making commercial quality 3-D printing filament. The device design takes advantage of both the open source hardware methodology and the paradigm developed by the open source self-replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) 3-D printer community. Specifically, this paper describes the design, fabrication and operation of a RepRapable Recyclebot, which refers to the Recyclebot's ability to provide the filament needed to largely replicate the parts for the Recyclebot on any type of RepRap 3-D printer. The device costs less than $700 in mate rials and can be fabricated in about 24 h. Filament is produced at 0.4 kg/h using 0.24 kWh/kg with a diameter ±4.6%. Thus, filament can be manufactured from commercial pellets for <22% of commercial filament costs. In addition, it can fabricate recycled waste plastic into filament for 2.5 cents/kg, which is <1000X commercial filament costs. The system can fabricate filament from polymers with extrusion temperatures <250 °C and is thus capable of manufacturing custom filament over a wide range of thermopolymers and composites for material science studies of new materials and recyclability studies, as well as research on novel applications of fused filament based 3-D printing.

Geçen hafta pişirdiğiniz brokolinin kalanı hâlâ dolapta mı duruyor? Bu hafta yaptığınız mutfak alışverişinden kalan, bozulmaya yüz tutmuş meyve ve sebzeler dolabı her açtığınızda üzgün üzgün size mi bakıyor? Yalnız değilsiniz.

Yemek yaparken atık üretmeme konusunda ne kadar hassas davranırsak davranalım, çoğu zaman bunu başaramıyoruz. Marketteki ürünler belli porsiyonlarda paketlendiği için, pişireceğimiz yemeğin gerektirdiğinden daha fazla ürünle eve dönmek zorunda kalabiliyoruz. Ayrıca yemeğin ev halkı tarafından beğenilmesi ve sağlıklı olması arasında da bir denge kurmaya çalışıyoruz. Bu sürecin sonunda yenebilir durumdaki gıdaların toprakta, üreticide başlayan yolculuğu çöp kutumuzda son buluyor.
David Evans pek çoğumuzun ortak problemi haline gelen atık meselesini merkeze koyduğu araştırmasının sonuçlarını, çeşitli antropolog ve sosyologların teorileriyle harmanladığı bu kitap aracılığıyla okuyucuya sunuyor. Ayrıca Evans gıdayı gıda olmaktan çıkaran, onu “atmaya hazır” hale getiren sebepleri araştırarak, onları tekrar yenebilir hale getirme ihtimalini inceliyor.

“Sıfır Atık: Tüketim Kültürü ve Gıda İsrafı” kitabı kapalı kapıları aralıyor, insanların evine ve hayatına müdahil olarak gıdanın fazlalık ve atık olma rotasını eleştirel bir bakışla ortaya koyuyor. Eğer siz de daha az atık oluşturmayı amaçlıyor ama nereden ve nasıl başlayacağınızı bilmiyorsanız, bu kitap tam size göre.

WEEE (waste electrical and electronic equipment) is estimated to be one of the fastest-growing waste stream worldwide and in the EU. Due to its content of dangerous substances, it is considered and regulated as hazardous waste. At the same time WEEE is a potential source for recuperation of valuable materials, such as precious metals. This paper presents the current European regulatory framework concerning WEEE management. As part of the assessment, fulfilment of the producer responsibility principle in the context of WEEE management is analysed as an example of implementation of the principle in practice. Furthermore, the paper explores selected consumer-initiated initiatives. The goal of the work is to frame and examine the topic WEEE under an EU lens and to highlight selected responses to the issue of WEEE increase, and more generally to explore current responses for sustainable management of this material stream.
The EU WEEE Directive sets targets to reduce generation of WEEE and to enhance proper collection, re-use and recycling of this material stream, encouraging producer responsibility as key principle. In response to the directive, the European Recycling Platform, that is the first ever pan-European producer compliance scheme, was established for providing an alternative concept to national monopolistic schemes. While in Europe top-down approaches based on regulatory frameworks have become common in WEEE management, consumer-initiated bottom-up initiatives to address WEEE are comparatively rare, but can become vital elements to lower occurrence of such waste streams. Community-based hackerspaces are one example of proactive response towards reduction of avoidable e-waste and should therefore be fostered.

The current status of solid waste management in Lahore, a metropolitan city of Pakistan, is reviewed in this article using an existing approach, the UN-Habitat city profile. This involves a systematic quantitative and qualitative assessment of physical components and governance features of the current waste management system. A material flow diagram (MFD) is developed, which allows visualisation of the current waste management system with all related inputs and outputs. This study shows that in the current system, waste collection and transportation is the main focus, however the collection coverage is only about 68%. There is no controlled or even semi-controlled waste disposal facility in Lahore. There is no official recycling system in the city. It is estimated that currently ~27% of waste by weight is being recycled through the informal sector. Making use of the organic content of the waste, a composting facility is operative in the city, producing 47,230 tonnes year(-1) of orga...

This study was carried out in Kisenyi area which is located within Central Division of Kampala District, Uganda. The main objective of the study was to explore the current level of community participation in solid waste management and what more the community can contribute to solid waste management, in the future to achieve proper solid waste management in Kisenyi area, Kampala district, Uganda. This study used a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. This research took on a descriptive survey design.

The findings revealed that the current level of community participation in solid waste management in Kisenyi area is low. Most respondents have plastic and metallic containers. There is very low level of sorting of waste. The fee for waste collection is affordable though its payment is somehow low with payments done mostly by traders whose waste is taken from their shops by the City Authority and private waste collectors for a fee. Although residents / traders in Kisenyi area have no plans in place to improve community participation in solid waste management, however, the City Authority and local leaders have plans to improve community participation in solid waste management in the area.

The findings also found that residents / traders are not able to reduce waste they generate in their homes / shops and are not capable of managing waste they generate. They cannot reuse waste they generate but they stressed the need to sort waste for recycling especially the plastics and polythene. Also, all respondents in this study are willing to pay for waste collection in the future.

Therefore, because the current level of community participation in solid waste management process is low, the city authority should come up with strategies of involving people in the study area in planning, implementation and monitoring stages of solid waste management process so as to achieve a state of clean and healthy environment. Further research is suggested into the role played by recycling of plastic bottles in combatting poor solid waste collection and management

In the present study, integrated models have been developed to find out the most appropriate cost of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal using two potential and widely used methodologies, viz. landfill system with gas recovery (LFSGR) and aerobic composting (AC). Objective functions with important costs and benefits including externalities were developed to find out the net unit cost of disposal. Multivariate functional models have been developed for each activity of the objective functions. These integrated techno-economic models can be used not only to determine the most appropriate cost of waste disposal, but also to explain the interparametric linkages and even to compare the potentiality and suitability of a particular methodology for a set of conditions. This can give valuable information that can enhance environmental management leading to sustainable development.In the simulation studies carried out, LFSGR with its proven energy generating potential from MSW in the form of ...

At Centralised Waste Management Facility (CWMF) 160m3 of radioactive chemical sludge, generated from treatment of several batches of category-II and category-III radioactive liquid wastes by chemical precipitation method was stored in clariflocculator (CF) for downstream processing. The sludge needed conditioning before disposal. The analysis of the sludge samples collected at different radial locations and depths from the CF showed suspended

The increasing of waste generation and its accumulation is alarming due to its potential negative effect on the well-being of the society and the integrity of environment sustainability. Waste generation in Kuala Lumpur is about 2,500 t/ d and is expected to increase to about 4,000 t/ d in 2020. The waste is sent to Bukit Tagar Sanitary Landfill via Taman Beringin Transfer Station. The transfer station is overloaded with the design capacity of only 1,700 t/ d. The government of Malaysia has decided to construct a 1,200 t/d waste-to-energy (WtE) plant at Taman Beringin, which is adjacent to the transfer station. As the location is highly populated, the project might raise the concerns from nearby residents. This paper describes the project facilitating activities that have been conducted for the development of WtE plant in KL. The studies include technology selection, site assessment and soil investigation, public safety and health assessment, power system study and waste characteris...

In Brazil’s large cities, more than half a million people survive by collecting and selling solid waste. Most face very poor working conditions and have very low incomes as the intermediaries to whom they sell pay low prices. Their activities are even considered illegal in some nations. But the waste pickers save city governments money, contribute to cleaner cities and reduce the volume of waste that has to be dumped (by up to 20 per cent). After describing the waste pickers and the city and national associations they have created, this paper describes the recycling industry and gives some examples of better methods of recycling. These include waste picker cooperatives that can sell the materials they collect direct to industries and that have partnerships with city governments who provide access to wastes, better prices and facilities to improve working conditions (including transferring the recycling from dumps to recycling centres).

As the collection of end-of-life (EOL) electrical and electronic products from households and businesses increases around the world, the search for economically and environmentally responsible and sustainable recovery and recycling processes intensifies ...

This study illustrates the process of removal of chromium from chrome tanning waste-water by fly ash which was drive from chrome shaving dust. This experiment was carried out in a batch process with laboratory prepared adsorbent samples and chrome tanning water collected from local tanneries. The influence of various factors likes adsorbent doses, contact time, and initial concentration of chromium on the removal of chromium from effluent was investigated. FTIR analysis was done to identify the functional groups presents in the fly ash. The maximum removal of chromium and absorption capacity was found to be 97.86%. And 23.11 mg/g at chromium concentration of 1000.3mg/ l and 1291 mg/l respectively. Total dissolve solid, turbidity, and conductivity were reduced significantly. Waste water samples containing several interfering ions like Na, Fe, Ca, Zn, Mn etc. The langmuir absorption isotherm was also used to explain the nature of adsorption. This result indicates that chrome shaving dust ash can be successfully used to treat chrome tanning wastewater.

This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Food Science and Environmental Health at ARROW@DIT. It has been accepted for inclusion in Reports by an authorized administrator of ARROW@DIT. For more information, please contact yvonne.desmond@dit.ie, arrow.admin@dit.ie. ... Recommended Citation Crowley, D.; Staines, A.; Collins, C.; Bracken, J.; Bruen, M.; Fry, J; Hrymak, Victor; Malone, D.; Magette, B.; Ryan, M.; and Thunhurst, C, &quot;Health and Environmental Effects of Landfilling and Incineration of Waste - ...

Low-value residues from forest restoration activities in the western United States intended to mitigate effects from wildfire, climate change, and pests and disease need a sustainable market to improve the economic viability of treatment. Converting biomass into bioenergy is a potential solution. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) as a sustainable metric tool can assess the impact of new bioenergy systems. Using the internationally accepted LCA method, this study evaluated the syngas electricity produced via a distributed-scale biomass pyrolysis system called the Tucker Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) system (pyrolysis system developed by Tucker Engineering Associates, Locust, NC). This system converts woody biomass in a high temperature and extremely low oxygen environment to a medium-energy synthesis gas (syngas) that is burned to generate electricity. The pyrolysis process also produces biochar as a byproduct and low-energy (unused) syngas as a waste. Results from the life-cycle impact asse...

Today, over-consumption, pollution and resource depletion threaten sustainability. Waste management policies frequently fail to reduce consumption, prevent pollution, conserve resources and foster sustainable products. However, waste policies are changing to focus on lifecycle impacts of products from the cradle to the grave by extending the responsibilities of stakeholders to post-consumer management. Product stewardship and extended producer responsibility are two policies in use, with radically different results when compared for one consumer product, refrigerators. North America has enacted product stewardship policies that fail to require producers to take physical or financial responsibility for recycling or for environmentally sound disposal, so that releases of ozone depleting substances routinely occur, which contribute to the expanding the ozone hole. Conversely, Europe&#39;s Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive requires extended producer responsibili...

The concept of circular economy (CE) has recently gained momentum in the political, scientific, and economic debate, especially in China and Europe. As a result, organizations and scholars have started to establish different sets of principles for its adoption. For this reason, it is important to identify and assess the differences and similarities among existing sets of CE principles, and how organizations and individuals understand and translate them into practice. In this paper, we firstly present a brief review and analysis of the coherence among six existing sets of principles. Our analysis finds that, despite the mixed degree of coherence, all sets describe the necessity to implement CE principles at all levels of a company. We then present the results of an in-depth qualitative survey that investigates how 19 key informants representing small, medium, and multinational companies based in China understand and carry out the CE principles laid out by the BSI standard BS 8001:201...

Huge amounts of used lubricating oils from automotive sources are being disposed as a harmful waste into the environment. For this reason, this study was undertaken to assess the economic feasibility and environmental friendliness of refining used lubricating oil through a process which involves the refining of one tonne per day used lubricating oil to produce 0.75 tonnes of refined oil per day via solvent extraction and agitated thin film evaporation. Valuable lubricant could be recovered from disposed oils and more importantly, oil is becoming a more important factor influencing the shape of society in this century. The cost and availability of oil and its products will significantly impact quality of life, the stability of our environment and the health of national economies. This hazardous used oil needs proper waste management to make it a value added product by minimising the quality of oil being improperly disposed of and reducing the waste oil’s environmental burden. Therefore, refining of waste oil justifies the interest in elimination of pollution and preserving crude oil reserves. An environmental impact assessment of the plant showed that the refining plant does not have adverse negative effects on human beings and the environment as well as mitigation measures for all negative impacts were prescribed. A detailed financial analysis of the project showed that it is economically feasible to operate at 1 TPD capacity as it has a capital investment of $855 000, payback period of 3.2 years with a return on investment of 32 % and a positive net present value
Keywords: refining, used oils, refined lubricating oil, waste management

An important fraction of the future energy demand may be satisfied by nuclear power. In this context, the possibilities of worldwide nuclear deployment are studied. We are convinced that the Molten Salt Reactors may play a central role in this deployment. The Molten Salt Reactor needs to be coupled to a reprocessing unit in order to extract the Fission Products which poison the core. The efficiency of this reprocessing has a crucial influence on reactor behavior especially for the breeding ratio. The Molten Salt Breeder Reactor project was based on an intensive reprocessing for high breeding purposes. A new concept of Thorium Molten Salt Reactor is presented here. Including this new concept in the worldwide nuclear deployment, to satisfy these power needs, we consider three typical scenarios, based on

The disposal problem represented by vegetable-tannery sludge is of great and ever-increasing concern in Italy. Such sludge is of a highly polluting nature and therefore, requires a reliable and safe treatment to make it harmless before release into the environment. Vegetable-tannery sludge contains some very toxic compounds, mainly polyphenols (i.e. tannins) and sulphides, that are hazardous to biological systems. This paper deals with experiments evaluating the feasibility of vegetable-tannery sludge management and recycling by an integrated composting process. Static windrow technique with forced air and temperature feedback has been adopted for composting a mixture of vegetable-tannery sludge and organic biodegradable fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) as bulking agent. Physico-chemical, microbiological and phytotoxicological aspects of this compost production from vegetable-tannery sludge are here emphasized along with some technological details.